1. Kingdom: Protista described as
Are in this kingdom if they cannot be classified as a plant, fungus or animal
Many different kinds
Unicellular multicellular
diatoms kelp
described as
plant-like: animal-like: fungus-like:
Euglena
Paramecium Slime mold

2. Reproduction
Asexual by binary fission (mitotic growth) this results in two identical cells
Fungus-like can produce
spores like molds
Sexual reproduction via
conjugation

3. Growth and Development
Mitotic growth

4. Regulation Chemotaxis: moves toward a food source
Has specialized receptors to detect food chemicals
Phototaxis: moves toward an area of light
Has specialized receptors to detect light
Euglena (plant-like)
Chloroplasts
Eyespot

5. Nutrition Animal-like: ex. Amoeba Plant-like: ex. Euglena
Endocytosis: (taking into cell)
Phagotcytosis (eating)
Pinocytosis (drinking)
Photosynthesis: using sunlight to produce food (glucose)

6. Nutrition cont’d Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs with
cell walls. 
Feed on dead or
decaying materials

7. Excretion Exocytosis: (exiting the cell) Water balance
Waste particles in vacuoles fuse w/ the cell membrane and are expelled from the cell
Water balance
Many protists live in water, and must regulate how much is in or out of cell.
Contractile Vacuoles (act as pumps)

8. Transport
Substances move throughout cell by simple diffusion, and by the movement of food vacuoles (phagocytosis), vesicles (pinocytosis) and contractile vacuoles (water pumps.)

9. Synthesis
Photosynthesis: uses sun to synthesize (“to make”) their own food (glucose).
1st Food particles taken in by heterotrophs are broken down by digestive enzymes into smaller building blocks usually by hydrolysis reactions (breaking apart by H2O).
Carbohydrates glucose
Proteins amino acids
Fats fatty acids, glycerol
Nucleic acids nucleotides (n-base, sugar, phosphate)

10. Synthesis cont’d
2nd These building blocks are then synthesized into the large molecules needed by the cell usually through dehydration reactions (linking together by the removal of H2O).
Glucose + glucose carbohydrates
Amino acid + amino acid proteins
Fatty acids + glycerol fats, lipids
Nucleotide + nucleotide nucleic acids

11. Respiration
Oxygen and carbon dioxide (gases) enter and leave the cell through their cell membranes by the process of simple diffusion (movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration).

12. Additional Information: Protists are often categorized by how they move.
Ciliates: move by cilia
Flagellates: move by flagella
Amoeboid movement: move by pseudopodia (false feet)