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Vitamins and Minerals
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Minerals What are minerals?
Inorganic substances that animals need in small amounts Minerals contain no carbon
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What are some functions of minerals?
1. Provide material for growth of: Bones, Teeth, and Tissue 2. Help with muscular activities 3. Reproduction 4. Digestion of feed
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Minerals are divided into 2 groups, what are they?
Major (macro) Minerals Trace (micro) Minerals
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Minerals- Major Needed in large amounts 7 Macro Minerals Calcium
Phosphorus Sodium Chlorine Potassium Sulfur Magnesium
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What are the most common major minerals animal rations lack?
Minerals- Major What are the most common major minerals animal rations lack? Sodium Calcium Phosphorous
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Minerals- Major Sodium Functions: Deficiencies:
Maintain osmotic pressure in cells Muscle and nerve activity Deficiencies: Reduced appetite Rough hair coat Cannibalism in chickens Dirt eating
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Minerals- Major Calcium Functions: Deficiencies: Bone development
Nerve and muscle function Deficiencies: Rickets- in young animals bones are soft, bend easily, and are malformed
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Minerals- Major Phosphorus Functions: Deficiencies:
Bone and Teeth Development Appetite Deficiencies: Rickets Stiffness in joints Loss of appetite
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Minerals- Trace Needed in small amounts Sulfur Magnesium Iron Iodine
Copper Cobalt Zinc Manganese Boron Molybdenum Fluorine Selenium
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Mineral Review What are minerals? What are minerals important?
What are 3 major minerals that animal feeds commonly lack? Name one deficiency of each. What is the difference between major minerals and trace minerals.
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5 Basic Classes of Nutrients
Water Energy Nutrients Proteins Minerals Vitamins
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Vitamins What are vitamins?
Trace organic compounds needed in small amounts by animals Needed for development of normal tissues and for health, growth and maintenance
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Vitamins are divided into 2 groups, what are they?
Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A,D,E,K) Dissolved in fat Water-Soluble Vitamins (C, B-Complex) Dissolved in water
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Vitamin A Function: Deficiencies: Vision Conception Rates
Disease Resistance Deficiencies: Night Blindness Blindness in calves Reproductive problems
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Vitamin D Function: Deficiencies: Bone Development Growth
Rickets (young animals) Osteomalacia (older animals)
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Vitamin E Function: Deficiencies: Reproduction Muscle Development
E and Selenium together help immune system Deficiencies: Reproduction failure Muscular dystrophy
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Vitamin K Function: Deficiencies: Blood Clotting
Blood doesn’t clot fast
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What are some sources of Vitamin A,D,E,K?
Vitamins What are some sources of Vitamin A,D,E,K? Green Leafy Hay Yellow Corn Cod Liver Fish Oils
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Vitamin C Function: Formation of teeth and bones Prevents infections
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B- Complex Function: Appetite Growth Reproduction
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What are some sources of water-soluble vitamins?
Green Pastures and Hay Cereal Grains Milk
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Vitamin Review What are vitamins and why are they needed?
List the fat-soluble vitamins and their functions as well as deficiencies. What are the sources of fat-soluble vitamins? What is the function of Vitamin C? What the sources of the water-soluble vitamins?
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