1. Other Solar
System Bodies

3. Asteroids Millions located between Mars and Jupiter
Irregularly shaped composed of silicate rock, some made of metal rich materials
Some have orbits that cross Earth’s path

5. Comets Made of dust and ice (dirty snowball)
A comet forms a tail due to the suns solar wind
The tail always points away from the sun

7. Meteors
Made of dust and rock
They burn up when entering atmosphere

9. Meteorite
Made of dust and rock
Can strike the Earth

13. Stars

14. Characteristics of Stars
Temperature & Color
The color of a star indicates the T of the star
Stars are classified by T
Decreasing T (bright to dim)
O, B, A, F, G, K, M [Oh Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me ] Guy

15. Types of Stars Classification
Temperature
Color
30, ,000 K
Blue
10,000 – 30,000 K
Blue-white
7,500 – 10,000 K
White
6,000 – 7,500 K
Yellow-white
5,000 – 6,000 K
Yellow
3,500 – 5,000 K
Orange
2,000 – 3,500 K
Red

16. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

17. Close ups of white dwarf stars

18. Life Cycle of Stars

19. Life Cycle of Stars
Begin their lives as clouds of dust and gas called nebulae
Gravity may cause the nebula to contract
Matter in the gas cloud will begin to condense into a dense region called a protostar
The protostar continues to condense, it heats up. Eventually, it reaches a critical mass and nuclear fusion begins.
Begins the main sequence phase of the star
Most of its life is in this phase

21. Carina nebula

22. Life Cycle of Stars Life span of a star depends on its size.
Very large, massive stars burn their fuel much faster than smaller stars
Their main sequence may last only a few hundred thousand years
Smaller stars will live on for billions of years because they burn their fuel much more slowly
Eventually, the star's fuel will begin to run out.

23. Life Cycle of Stars It will expand into what is known as a red giant
Massive stars will become red supergiants
This phase will last until the star exhausts its remaining fuel
At this point the star will collapse

25. Dust around a supergiant

26. Life Cycle of Stars
Most average stars will blow away their outer atmospheres to form a planetary nebula
Their cores will remain behind and burn as a white dwarf until they cool down
What will be left is a dark ball of matter known as a black dwarf

27. Planetary nebula
Crab nebula
Orion nebula

28. Life Cycle of Stars
If the star is massive enough, the collapse will trigger a violent explosion known as a supernova
If the remaining mass
of the star is about 1.4
times that of our Sun,
the core is unable to
support itself and it will collapse
further to become a neutron star

29. supernova

33. Life Cycle of Stars
Matter inside the star will be compressed so tightly that its atoms are compacted into a dense shell of neutrons.
If the remaining mass of the star is more than about three times that of the Sun, it will collapse so completely that it will literally disappear from the universe.
What is left behind is an intense region of gravity called a black hole

34. Recap 1. Nebula main sequence star red giant white dwarf black dwarf
2. Nebula red dwarf white dwarf black dwarf
3. Nebula massive main sequence supergiant supernova neutron star or black hole

36. Relative Size: Sun vs. Planets

37. Sun vs. Other Stars

39. Star size comparison

40. Binary star size: 100 of our suns

41. Binary star size: 100 of our suns
Binary stars are two stars orbiting a common center of mass. The brighter star is officially classified as the primary star, while the dimmer of the two is the secondary