1. Microbiology Study of Nature, Life, and Microorganisms
Remember Microbiology is an important part of Infection Control….. WHY?

2. Microbiology DENT 132: E Microorganism
Small Organisms Needing Microscope
Adult Mouth

3. How many bacteria live in my mouth?
Between 100 Million & 20 Billion Bacteria live in the mouth – produce every 5 hours
All Microorganisms live in the mouth
Need Microorganisms to live (ie. Bacteria in Stomach, Yeast, Molds, etc.)

4. Microbiology

5. Microbiology DENT 132: E
Most Dangerous Are: Spores, Hepatitis B, and Tuberculosis

6. Microbiology DENT 132: E Aerobe (aerobic) Anaerobe (anaerobic)
Bacteria That Needs Oxygen to Grow…Will Die Without It
Anaerobe (anaerobic)
Bacteria That Needs NO Oxygen to Grow..Dies With It
Hydrogen Peroxide Kills Bacteria—Oxygenated Water

7. Microbiology DENT 132: E Epidemiology Etiology Idiopathic
Study of the Way Diseases Spread
Etiology
Study of the Cause of Disease
Idiopathic
Unknown Cause of Disease

8. Microbiology DENT 132: E 4 Major Types of Microorganisms: 1. Bacteria
2. Rickettsiae
3. Virus
4. Fungus
See folder

9. Microbiology DENT 132: E 1. Bacteria Shapes/Forms of Bacteria:
1 Celled Plant/Animal W/ No Chlorophyll
Shapes/Forms of Bacteria:
1. Cocci – Spherical
A. Monococci – Single
B. Diplococci – Pair
C. Staphylococci – Clusters
D. Streptococci – Chain
2. Bacilli – Rod-Shaped

11. Microbiology DENT 132: E
Lactobacilli: Most Common Bacteria in the Mouth
2 Types of Bacteria:
1. Spores
Most Resistant
Non-Growing, Protective

12. Microbiology DENT 132: E Capsulated Spores Con’t
Heavy Cell-Covering: Protective Mucoid Covering on Bacteria
Spores can remain dormant until opportunity to infect (latent TB) (may never infect)
TB infects the susceptible host (usually person who comes in contact with TB spores from a person with active TB and/or “high risk” individuals)

13. Microbiology DENT 132: E 2. Spirochetes
Characteristics of Bacteria & Protozoa
Actively Motile, Flexible, Slender, Spiral
Found in Contaminated Water, Sewage, Soil (They Love Moisture)
Passed Directly From Human to Human
Can Live Outside the Body
Killed by Penicillin & Drying

14. Microbiology DENT 132: E Exotoxin 7 Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Toxic Chemicals Secreted by Bacteria Such As Tetanus, Botulism, Diptheria
7 Diseases Caused by Bacteria
Decay – strep & lactobacillus
Periodontal Disease – see next slide
Diptheria - Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Tuberculosis – tubercle bacillus
Typhoid Fever – salmonella bacteria
Pneumonia – bacteria (strep) & viruses
Syphilis – treponema pallidum

15. Bacteria associated with Periodontal Disease
Actinobacillus (A.) actinomycetemcomitans
Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis.
Streptococci
T. forsythia and T. denticola

16. Microbiology DENT 132: E II. Rickettsia(e)
Similar to Bacteria & Viruses
Small
Non-Motile
Do Not Form Spores
Don’t Live Outside Living Tissues
Parasite Found in Insect Intestinal tracts (ie., lice, ticks, fleas, mosquitoes)

17. Microbiology DENT 132: E
2 Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae (transmitted by bite or rubbing into tissue)
1. Typhus – fleas & ticks
2. Rocky Mountain Fever - ticks

18. Microbiology DENT 132: E III. Viruses Smallest Microbes
Infectious Particles, Like Small Parasites
Only Seen by Electron Microscope
Can Pass Through Filters That Catch Bacteria
They Don’t Live Outside Body & Cannot Reproduce Outside Living Cells

19. Microbiology DENT 132: E Shapes of Viruses: 1. Round
2. Elongated, With or Without Tail

20. 11 Diseases Caused by Viruses
1. Colds
2. Smallpox
3. Measles
4.Mumps (parotid gland)
5.Rabies – virus found in saliva

21. Microbiology DENT 132: E 6. Chicken Pox 7. Herpes Simplex 8. Flu
9. Polio
10. Hepatitis
11. HIV

22. Microbiology DENT 132: E AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV – Human Immunodificiency Virus
What’s the difference?

23. Function of the Liver
Function of the Liver is to Metabolize Fats, Detoxify Harmful Substances, & Produce Body Heat

24. Microbiology DENT 132: E A. Hepatitis A – Infectious
Can Survive for Weeks on Dry Surface
Hepatitis Can Withstand Alcohol, Boiling Water, and Most Disinfecting Solutions
B. Hepatitis B – Serum
Caused by Needles, Dirty Instruments, Blood, and Saliva

25. Microbiology DENT 132: E Vaccine Available for Hep B: Response:
#1 (0) Month 30%
#2 (1 Month Later) 75%
#3 (6 Months Later) 96%

26. Microbiology DENT 132: E One Month After #3, Test for Antibodies
Every 2-5 Years, Get Tested
Booster May be Needed 7 Years +
Can Be Non-Responder (have 2 tests, then wait)

27. Microbiology DENT 132: E C. Non-A Non-B (Like Hepatitis B)
Same Transmission & Carrier State
No Vaccine Available
CDC Policy, If Needle Stick, Test:
1. Immediately
2. 6 Weeks Post-Exposure
3. 12 Week Post-Exposure
4. 6 Months Post Exposure

28. Microbiology DENT 132: E D. Hepatitis D – No Vaccine Available
E. Cirrhosis of the Liver
Non-Viral
Considered Hepatitis
Not Inflammatory
Chronic, NOT Reversible, Progressive
Liver Hardens as it Deteriorates
Not Contagious

29. Microbiology DENT 132: E Diagnostic Tests Performed IV. Fungus/Fungi
A. Elisa (to screen blood)
B. Western Blot Assay (to screen blood)
C. HIV Antigen Assay
IV. Fungus/Fungi
Plants that Lack Chlorophyll (yeasts/molds)

30. Microbiology DENT 132: E More Than 100,000 Types, in 2 Categories:
1. Yeasts
times larger than bacteria
2. Molds
Makes Penicillin
Mold if Wooly or Furry
Mildew on Spoiled Foods, Clothing, Walls
Used in Cheese and Salad Dressing

31. Microbiology DENT 132: E Thrush Athlete’s Foot Ringworm
If Fungi is Food, It Is Edible Because It Comes From Living Organism, Like Mushrooms

32. Microbiology DENT 132: E Protozoa 1-Celled Microorganism/Animal.
Simplest Form of Animal Life
If Pathogenic, Transmitted by Carriers, Like Malaria
Malaria – Chloroquinine to Prevent
Needs Fluids to be Active (pools, lakes)
Mostly Aerobic (needs oxygen)

33. Microbiology DENT 132: E
Why Can’t You Tell That You’re Spreading A Disease?
Rich Blood Supply in Mouth- helps speed up healing