2. Interpersonal Communication
In a quantitative sense, communication (usually face-to-face) between two individuals.
In a qualitative sense, communication in which the parties consider one another as unique individuals rather than objects.
It is characterized by minimal use of stereotyped labels; unique, idiosyncratic rules; and a high degree of information exchange.

3. Interpersonal Communication
“… much of the social activity of individuals can be described as “search behavior—a relentless process of social discovery in which one seeks out new friends to replace those who are either no longer present or who no longer share the same interests.”

4. Why We Communicate Why do you communicate? Physical Needs Identity
3. Social Needs
4. Practical Goals
5. Career Goals

5. Why We Communicate Maslow’s Hierarch of Needs 1. Physical Needs
2. Safety Needs
3. Social Needs
4. Self-esteem Needs
5. Self-actualization

6. Implicit Personal Theories of Communication
our unconscious, taken-for-granted assumptions about communication
our constructed theories about social reality
What is your social reality?

7. Implicit Personal Theories of Communication
Our implicate theories tell us with whom we should communicate
…when we should communicate
…what we should communicate.
…how we should communicate
…how we should present ourselves.
…what effective communication is
…how to interpret other people’s behaviors

8. Implicit Personal Theories of Communication
Implicate Personal Theories of Communication are base on:
culture
ethic background
gender
social class
region of the country
religion
What else?

9. Implicit Personal Theories of Communication
Scenario—You are at a social gathering and see a person to whom you are physically attracted. Would you approach this person? If so, how would you communicate in order to make arrangements to meet him or her again?

10. Implicit Personal Theories of Communication
Scenario—You are in the student center, and an international student approaches you. You have not met this student before and have never visited her or his native culture. The international student tells you that he or she needs your help to complete a class assignment. The assignment is to get to know an American. How would you respond to the student?

11. The 5-Axioms of Communication
Cannot, not communicate
Communication has context and relationship
communication occurs in punctuated sequences
Relations are symmetric or complementary

12. The 5-Axioms of Communication
Communication is analog and digital

13. Process of Communication
Source
Receiver
Message
Channel
Feedback
Encoding
Decoding
Nonverbal
Fidelity
Mechanical (External) Noise
Semantic (Internal) Noise

15. Source
Source
Idea
Response
-- Noise Noise --
Receiver
(Listener)
Message
Medium
Communication Environment

17. Three Distinct Views of Communication
Action (linear view)
Interaction
Transaction

18. 6 Dimensions of the Human World
Space
Time
Laws of Physics
Culture
Relationships
Work
A possible 7th dimension is…
Religion

19. Communication Conclusions
1. Communication can be intentional or unintentional
2. It’s impossible not to communicate
3. Communication is irreversible
4. Communication is unrepeatable

20. Communication Misconceptions
1. Meanings are not in words
2. More is not always better
3. No single person or event causes another’s reaction
4. Communication will not solve all problems

21. Communication Misconceptions
5. Successful communication doesn’t always involve shared understanding

22. Competence Communication Competence—
The ability to accomplish one’s personal goals in a manner that maintains a relationship on terms that are acceptable to all parties.

23. Competence There is no Ideal way to communicate
Competence is SITUATIONAL
Competence is relational
Competence can be learned

24. Competent Characteristics
Communicators can choose between a wide range of behaviors.
Ability to choose the most appropriate behavior
Skills at performing behaviors
Commitment

25. Competent Characteristics
Cognitive complexity
Empathy
Self-monitoring

26. Small Talk Do not talk about:
year in school, major, courses that you are taking or have taken
this class, this assignment,
marital status, gender, age, brothers, sisters, parents
hometown, other schools that you have attended
job (current or past)
weather, college activities, cafeteria food
church, chapel

27. 5 Central Points to Interpersonal Communication
No one person can completely control a communication event
Your culture, and your interpersonal partner’s culture affect what we say about communication
Identity issues are always in play

28. 5 Central Points to Interpersonal Communication
The most ordinary communication events are the most significant.
When facing communication challenges or problems the most helpful question you can ask yourself is, “What can I help to happen next?”

29. Qualities of Communication
Impersonal Interpersonal
Interchangeable------Unique
Measurable Unmeasurable

30. Qualities of Communication
React only Able to choose
Unreflective------Reflective
Not addressable-----Addressable

31. Flexibility Stage 1: Expressive Communication
Stage 2: Rule-governed Communication
Stage 3: Negotiating

32. Self-concept Self-Image Self-Esteem Self-Concept Role Role Expectation
Performance Role
Personality Role
Self-Disclosure

33. Questions to Ask Yourself
Who am I?
How do I feel about myself?
Do I like (or dislike) parts of my personality or physical appearance?

34. Questions to Ask Yourself
Am I comfortable with myself?
How can I improve my communication both with myself and with others?

35. Self-concept Development
The Looking Glass Self
We learn who we are through others

36. Characteristics of the Self-concept
Subjective
It isn’t necessary correct

37. Reasons for Distorted Self-evaluations
Obsolete Information
Distorted Feedback
Emphasis on Perfection
Social Expectations

38. Self-fulfilling Prophecy
Two types of self-fulfilling prophecies
1. Self Imposed
2. Imposed by Others

39. Changing Your Self-concept
1. Have a realistic perception of yourself
2. Have realistic expectations

40. Changing Your Self-concept
3. Have the will to change
4. Have the skill to change

41. REVALUATING YOUR “CAN’TS”
1. Choose a partner and for 5-minutes take turns making and listing statements that begin with “I can’t…” Try to focus you statements on your relationships with family, friends, coworkers, students, and even strangers: anyone with whom you have a hard time communicating.
2. Notice your feelings as you make each statement: self-pity, regrets, concerns, frustration, and so on, and reveal these to your partner.

42. REEVAUATING YOUR “CAN’TS”
3. Now repeat aloud each statement you’ve just made, except this time change each “can’t” to a “won’t.” After each sentence, tell your partner whatever thoughts you have about what you’ve just said.
4. After you’ve finished decide whether “Can’t” or “Won’t” is more appropriate for each item, and explain your choice to your partner.

43. REEVAUATING YOUR “CAN’TS”
5. Are there any instances of the self-fulfilling prophecy in your list?
-- how often was the decision that you”Can’t” do something the only force keeping you from doing it?

44. Identity Management
Identity Management—The communication strategies that people use to influence how others view them.

45. Identity Management You have a public and a private self
You have a presenting self—a public image

46. Characteristics of Identity Management
Identity management is collaborative
…can be deliberate or unconscious
…varies by situation
People differ in their degree of identity management.

47. Barriers to Understanding self
1. Confusion between the types of roles we play
2. Fear of risking letting others know what we are truly thinking and feeling--because they might not like us anymore

48. Barriers to Understanding self
3. Our unwillingness to change
4. Our practice of comparing ourselves with others
5. Problems with accepting ourselves as we are.

49. Barriers to Understanding self
6. False Modesty
7. Our failure to prescribe and follow plans which help us to change those things about ourselves that we can change and want to change.

50. Barriers to Understanding self
8. Society telling us who we should be.

51. Mediated Communication Definition
Communication between individuals that is conducted via electronic channels.

52. Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Communication
Similarities between mediated and face-to-face communication
Same goals
Similar process
Similar principles

53. Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Communication
Differences between mediated and face-to-face communication
Leaner messages
Variable synchronicity
Permanent (sometimes public) record

54. Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Communication

55. Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Communication
Consequences of mediated communication
Disinhibition
Hyperpersonal communication

56. Benefits and Drawbacks of Mediated Communication
Benefits of mediated communication
More relational opportunities
Sustaining and enriching relationships
Social support

57. Benefits and Drawbacks of Mediated Communication
Superficial relationships
Social isolation
Relational deterioration
Deception
Stalking and harassment
Cyberbullying

58. Competence in Social Media
Fostering positive relationships
Respect others’ need for undivided attention
Keep your tone civil
Don’t intrude on bystanders

59. Competence in Social Media
Protecting yourself
Think before you post
Verify what you see online
Balance mediated and face time