1. Communication Embracing Difference Fourth Edition Chapter 2 Perception
Dunn and Goodnight
Chapter 2
Perception
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2. The Process of Perception
Our process of each new situation is tempered by our preconceived ideas, physical and emotional state, interests, attention, and goals.
Selective attention
Organization
Interpretation
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3. Selective Attention
The process of determining what we pay attention to and what we ignore.
Based on a person’s:
Physical needs
Emotional desires
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4. Organization Similarity Proximity Closure
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5. Interpretation Attitudes Personal constructs Prototypes Attribution
Self-serving bias
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6. Perception of Ourselves… Self-Concept
How we picture ourselves in a broad sense
How we “define” ourselves
Student
Daughter
Cashier
Friend
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7. Perception of Ourselves… Self-Esteem
Measure of our self-worth
How we feel about our roles
“I am a good student”
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8. Perception of Ourselves… Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Behavior matches someone else’s expectations
Can be positive or negative
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9. Perception of Ourselves… Significant Others
Significant others also influence our self-concept.
Sometimes we seek acceptance and approval from those closest to us.
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10. Perception of Ourselves . . . Reflective Appraisal
The “looking glass self”
We see ourselves through other people’s eyes
People like family and friends
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11. Perception of Ourselves … Family and Peers
Influences - negative or positive
Can greatly influence self-concept
Supportive feedback from both groups can help boost self-esteem.
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12. Perception of Others... Stereotyping
Placing or categorizing people, places, objects, events, or concepts into groups based on generalized characteristics
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13. Perception of Others... Stereotyping
Allness
Categorizing groups of people, places, objects, events, or concepts based on general characteristics
Halo and Horns
Individual stereotyping based on first impressions
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14. Developing Accurate Perceptions of Ourselves and Others
Impression Management
How we want others to perceive us
Be open to altering perceptions when new information about a person warrants change.
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15. Developing Accurate Perceptions of Ourselves and Others
Perception Checking
The use of questions to clarify our understanding of message
State your observation clearly.
Ask if the other person sees or hears the same thing.
Offer a few possible interpretations.
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