1. Defect Analysis of Renovated Facade Walls with ETICS Solutions in Cold Climate Conditions
Central Europe towards Sustainable Building 2016
Innovations for Sustainable Future – June 22-24, 2016 in Prague
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Building Production
Chair of Building Materials
Teaching assistant & PhD student Eneli Liisma
MSc student Raili Sepri
Professor Lembi-Merike Raado
Professor Irene Lill
Researcher Emlyn Witt
Early stage researcher Virgo Sulakatko
Early stage researcher Mattias Põldaru

2. FOREWORD
IUT1-15 project “Nearly-zero energy solutions and their implementations on deep renovation of buildings” – Estonian Research Council
WP1 – Building physics, energy performance and indoor climate
WP2 – Service systems
WP3 – Building materials, technology, management
Today’s presentation
CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

3. Basic facts (1/2)
Old panel houses in Estonia – built in (~84%)
Service life – years (Housing stock is ageing)
New energy efficiency requirements
Contemporary trend – Nearly-zero energy buildings
CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

4. Basic facts (2/2) Wall Adhesive mortar Thermal Insulation Board
What is ETICS? – External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems
Wall
Adhesive mortar
Thermal Insulation Board
Anchors
Reinforcement layer
Fiber mesh
Rendering plaster
First ETICS solutions
~1940 (Sweden)
~1950 (Germany)
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5. Problem Statement
What is the Current Situation with ETICS Solution in Cold Climate Conditions?
Are ETICS Solutions Reasonable in Cold Climate Conditions?
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6. Principles of the Survey
Criteria for the selection of buildings (30 buildings; renovation: 1-6 years ago)
Year of construction
Number of floors
3-6
Year of ETICS installation
≥ 2009
Built documentation (building permit; certification)
Yes
Use of the building
Apartment block
Location
Tallinn, Estonia
CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

7. Tools for Visual Inspection - CLASSIFICATORS
CL TYPE
Damage class/marking icon/scale
Explanation 1
A ▄
B ▄
C ▄
D ▄
% of damaged area of observed area
>60%
30-60%
10-30%
<10% 2
A ▬
B ▬
C ▬
D ▬
% of damage over the length of facade 3
A ▪▪▪
B ▪▪▪
C ▪▪▪
D ▪▪▪
% of damaged details/parts of building to their total number 4
KP1
KP2
KP3
KP4
Size of the damaged area
>30x30 cm2
<30x30 cm2
<20x20 cm2
<10x10 cm2 5
KE1
KE2
KE3
KE4
Number of appearances of damage
>15
11-15
5-10
<5
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8. ETICS Installation Performed in Cold Climate Conditions
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9. Overview of the Defect Groups
AMARO, B., SARAIVA, D., BRITO, J., et al. (2013). Inspection and diagnosis system of ETICS on walls. – Construction and Building Materials 47: 1257 – 1267.
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10. Defects in PLINTH AREA
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11. Defects in MAIN FACADE
EAST
NORTH
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12. Defects in ROOFLINE
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13. Conclusions Defects with ETICS:
appear in early stages (1-6 years) in cold climate
in cold climate can be divided:
material rupture – 51%
colour/aesthetic – 40%
flatness – 9%
in plinth area are mostly related to high moisture loads/cold cycles/human activites
in main facade are related to humidity loads and low temparatures (< +5oC ) during installation (~40%)
in roofline area are related to heavy rainwater (poorly installed parapet covers)
are considerably higher with mineral plasters than with polymer plasters
According to current defect analysis – plinth areas with a classical ETICS solution is not sustainable!
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14. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY (BT)
Next Steps
Impact of the main defects = Preliminary prognosis of the service life of ETICS
f(...)
ENVIRONMENT (E)
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY (BT)
DESIGN (D)
MAINTENANCE (M)
DEFECT ORIGIN
SERVICE LIFE
CESB 2016 – PRAGUE

15. Thank You for Your Attention
Thank You for Your Attention! Q/A The research has been conducted as part of the IUT1-15 project “Nearly-zero energy solutions and their implementations on deep renovation of buildings” financed by Estonian Research Council.
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