1. America’s History Sixth Edition
Henretta • Brody • Dumenil
America’s History Sixth Edition
CHAPTER 24
Redefining Liberalism:
The New Deal,
Copyright © 2010 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Matthew Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School

2. Chapter 24: The New Deal,
1. The New Deal Takes Over,
A. Roosevelt’s Leadership
B. The Hundred Days
C. The New Deal Under Attack
2. The Second New Deal,
A. Legislative Accomplishments
B. The 1936 Election
C. Stalemate
3. The New Deal’s Impact on Society
A. The Rise of Labor
B. Women and Blacks in the New Deal
C. Migrants and Minorities in the West
D. A New Deal for the Environment
E. The New Deal and the Arts
F. The Legacies of the New Deal

3. Part 1: The New Deal Takes Over, 1933-1935 Section 1A: Roosevelt’s Leadership
The social welfare liberalism of New Deal expanded government by giving it responsibility for wellbeing of its citizens
FDR’s charisma, fireside chats and willingness to experiment made him popular
FDR relied on a “brain trust” a and talented cabinet
Evolution of Liberalism: Classical (19th century), Regulatory (Progressive Era), Social Welfare (New Deal-1970s—expanded individual rights)

4. Part 1: The New Deal Takes Over, 1933-1935 Section 1B: The Hundred Days
Democrats targeted five major areas:
Banking (Emergency Banking Act, Glass-Steagall Act, FDIC, Home Owner’s Loan Corporation)
Business (National Recovery Act)
Agriculture (AAA)
Unemployment (CCC, FERA, PWA, CWA)
Financial Reform (SEC, Banking Act of 1935)
Goals: Relief, Recovery, Reform

5. Part 1: The New Deal Takes Over, 1933-1935 Section 1C: The New Deal Under Attack
The conservative Supreme Court invalidated NRA, AAA, and more
Townsend, Coughlin, and Long built national movements that criticized the New Deal as not having done enough
Long’s dictatorial rule in LA and populist appeal made him a possible presidential challenger to FDR until his assassination in 1935

6. Part 2: The Second New Deal, 1935-1938 Section 2A: Legislative Accomplishments
Democrats expanded their control of Congress in 1934 election
2nd New Deal legislation replaced direct aid with work relief (jobs)
WPA (employed 3.4 million) and Social Security (pensions for those over 65) were examples of a more liberal approach to the economic crisis in response to criticism on left

7. Part 2: The Second New Deal, 1935-1938 Section 2B: The 1936 Election
Roosevelt coalition: organized labor, Midwestern farmers, white ethnic groups, northern blacks, Jews, intellectuals, some middle class, southern whites
1936 election expanded Democratic majorities in Congress and signaled a new era of Democratic dominance

8. Part 2: The Second New Deal, 1935-1938 Section 2C: Stalemate
Supreme Court “packing” scheme partially backfired
Spending cuts led to “Roosevelt Recession”
FDR embraced “Keynesian” economics (deficit spending)
New Deal ran out of steam by 1939 as FDR’s popularity waned and WWII loomed

9. Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3A: The Rise of Labor
Wagner Act protected unions from unfair management interference
CIO represented unskilled workers across entire industries and successfully used tactics such as “sit down” strikes
Union workers tripled but labor’s power stayed limited

10. Eleanor Roosevelt at the Tuskegee Institute
Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3B: Women and Blacks in the New Deal
Eleanor Roosevelt transformed the role of first lady
Frances Perkins was the first woman head of a cabinet department. She also closely shaped New Deal legislation
New Deal helped blacks somewhat
Indian Reorganization Act reversed Dawes Act and assimilation efforts
Eleanor Roosevelt at the Tuskegee Institute

11. Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3C: Migrants and Minorities in the West
350,000 Okies fled the devastation of the Dust Bowl in Midwest
CA agriculture had drawn Asian and Mexican immigrants but many of them were replaced by Okies during the Great Depression

12. Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3D: A New Deal for the Environment
The TVA built dams and provided cheap energy to a 7 state area
Shelterbelts planted 220 million trees to block wind and erosion
Farmers were encouraged to use sound practices
REA brought electricity to 40% of farms by 1940, 90% in 1950

13. “The Promise of the New Deal” Mural
Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3E: The New Deal for the Arts
New Deal funded various types of “art for the millions”
Artists and photographers documented the Great Depression
Dorothea Lange: Migrant Mother
“The Promise of the New Deal” Mural

14. Part 3: The New Deal’s Impact on Society Section 3F: The Legacies of the New Deal
Federal government now played an ongoing role in people’s lives
New Deal set the pattern for the Great Society of the 1960s
New Deal transformed and enlarged the Democratic Party