1. The Study of Population & Population Issues
Demography
The Study of Population & Population Issues

2. Population Growth
On the graph entitled “World Population Growth Since Common Era”
Arrival of Vikings (1000)
Invention of Gutenberg Printing Press (1440)
When Canada became a country (1967)
First humans on the moon (1969)
When you were born
Present time (2008)

3. First Human on the Moon
Gutenberg printing press
Arrival of Vikings
Today
Canada’s birthday
Little Ice Age, famine, Black Death Plague
Warfare & economic disruption

4. World Population Patterns
How many years did it take for the world’s population to increase from:
a) 1 billion to 2 billion
b) 2 billion to 3 billion
3 billion to 4 billion
4 billion to 5 billion
e) 5 billion to 6 billion
123 years
33 years
14 years
13 years
12 years

5. World Projected Population Patterns
How many years did it take for the world’s population to increase from:
a) 6 billion to 7 billion
b) 7 billion to 8 billion
8 billion to 9 billion
9 billion to 10 billion
14 years
15 years
26 years
29 years

6. Trends in Population

7. Demographic Terminology
Birth Rate: # of births in a country for every 1000 people in the pop.
Total births in one year
population size ( in
middle of year)
X 1000

8. Birth Rate Highest B.R. - Niger 50.16 Lowest B.R. - Japan 8.1
Canada

9. Demographic Terminology
Death Rate: # of deaths in a country for every 1000 people in the pop.
Total deaths in one year
population size ( in
middle of year)
X 1000

10. Death Rate Highest D.R. - Swaziland 30.35
Lowest D.R. - United Arab Emirates
Canada

11. Demographic Terminology
Natural Increase Rate: difference between Birth Rate and Death Rate of a country
BR - DR = NI

12. Natural Increase
Highest N.I - Niger 50.16
Lowest N.I. - Japan 8.1

13. Demographic Terminology
Immigration Rate: # of people who permanently move to a country
Emigration Rate: # of people who permanently move from a country

14. Demographic Terminology
Population Growth Rate: rate at which a country’s population is changing.
(BR-DR) + (IR - ER) = Pop. Growth

15. Population Growth Rate
Lowest P.G. - Trinidad & Tobago %
Canada %
Highest P.G. - Liberia 4.836%

16. Demographic Terminology
Dependency Load: % of population that is ≤ 14 years old and 65 and older
Age Dependency Ratio: ratio of people in “dependent” ages to those in the “working” ages.
Population ≤ 14 + population 65+ population 15-64

17. Age-Dependency Ratio
Highest A.D.R. - Uganda 1.12 (11 dependent people for every 10 working)
Lowest A.D.R. - United Arab Emirates (3 dependent people for every 10 working)
Canada - 4.4

18. Demographic Terminology
Infant Mortality Rate: # of children, in a country, who die in the first year of life for each 1000 live births.
# of babies that died
before 1st birthday
Total # of live births
in middle of year
X 1000

19. Infant Mortality Rate Highest I.M.R. - Angola 192.5
Lowest I.M.R. - Japan 3.28
Canada

20. Demographic Terminology
Life Expectancy: the average # of years a person is expected to live from birth.
Population Pyramid: a special type of graph that summarizes the age and gender structure of a population.

21. Life Expectancy Highest L.E. - Japan 82.1 Lowest L.E. - Swaziland 32
Canada

22. Demographic Terminology
Total Fertility: average # of children that each woman could have during her fertile years (15-45)

23. Fertility Rate Highest F.R. - Mali 7.38 Lowest F.R. - Macau - 1.03
Canada

24. Demographic Terminology
Population Pyramid: a special type of graph that summarizes the age and gender structure of a population.

25. Demographic Terminology
Replacement Rate: is the total fertility rate that produces a natural increase rate of 0.
This value does not take immigration into account
Standard replacement rate is 2.1 (country’s population remains the same - no growth)

26. Demographic Terminology
Rule of 70: a way to estimate how long it would take for a country’s population to double
70/country’s growth rate = number of years in which a country’s population will double