1. Weather & Climate

2. 1-Weather consists of: Atmosphere Temperature Humidity
Precipitation rain, sleet, hail, and snow.
Wind
Cloud Cover

3. 2- Energy from the sun is the main cause of the changes.
3- Structure of the Atmosphere:

4. 4- Layers of Atmosphere:
Troposphere: nearly all weather takes place here.
Stratosphere: in temp. with in altitude.

5. Mesosphere: in temp. with an altitude.

6. Thermosphere: Uppermost layer

7. 5- Elements of Weather:
Air Temperature: Amount of heat measured with thermometer.

8. Air Pressure: Measured with barometer, as temperature air pressure and visa-versa.

9. Humidity: is the amount of water vapor in the air
Humidity: is the amount of water vapor in the air. Measured with a hygrometer.
Warm air can hold more water the cool air.
90% humidity means that the air contains 90% of the water in can hold at that temperature.

10. Wind: Movement of air over the. Earth’s surface. Measured with
Wind: Movement of air over the Earth’s surface. Measured with an anemometer measures wind speed NOT direction a wind vain does it points to the direction the wind is coming from.

11. Clouds are tiny droplets of water or ice suspended in the air.

12. 6-Climate: Average weather of an area over a period of time.
a-Factors that Influence Climate
Altitude
Latitude
Water
Mountains

13. Air Masses: A large body of air with the same temperature and moisture throughout.
Four different surface conditions that form air masses.

14. Air over land = Dry
Air over water = Moist
Air near poles = Cold
Air near equator = Warm

16. High & Low Pressure Systems
High pressure systems bring clear, skies, dry weather and gentle winds. COLD AIR
Low pressure systems bring cloudy, wet weather, with strong gusty winds. WARM AIR

18. Fronts: When one air mass comes in contact with another air mass.

20. TYPES OF FRONTS:
Cold Front : cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass. Bring heavy rain, gusty winds, and cooler temperatures.

21. Warm Front: warm air mass pushes under cold air mass
Warm Front: warm air mass pushes under cold air mass. Bring light rain lasting a few days and warmer temperatures.

22. Stationary Front. When a warm or cold front stops moving
Stationary Front. When a warm or cold front stops moving. These type of conditions can last for days. Temperatures remain stagnant and winds are gentle to nil.

23. Occluded Front: the cold front over takes the warm front
Occluded Front: the cold front over takes the warm front. The weather is not as extreme

25. Forecasting An attempt to predict future weather.
Decrease in air pressure = stormy weather. While increase in air pressure = fair weather.
Increase in clouds front is coming.

27. Weather: Consist of Atmosphere, Temperature, Humidity, Precipitation, Wind, and Cloud Cover
Atmosphere: Consist of the gas part of earth
Troposphere: Layer of atmosphere that we live in an most weather takes place in.
Stratosphere: increase in temp. with increase in altitude red color.
Mesosphere: decrease in temp. with increase in altitude.
Thermosphere: Outer most layer of atmosphere
Temperature: Amount of heat in the air
Air Pressure: Measured with barometer, as temperature increases air pressure decreases

28. Humidity: is the amount of water vapor in the air
Wind: Movement of air. Measured with a hygrometer.
Precipitation: any form of water that falls to earth (rain, sleet, snow, hail)
Climate: Average weather of an area over a period of time.
Latitude: distance from equator.
Altitude: height above sea level. Cooler temperatures at higher altitudes then lower.

29. Latent Heat: Hidden heat
Latent Heat: Hidden heat. Water has a high latent heat that is why areas near large bodies of water have cooler summers and warmer winters.
Air Masses: A large body of air with the same temperature and moisture throughout.
Continental: Air formed over continents is dry
Maritime: Air formed over water is wet
Fronts: When one air mass comes in contact with another air mass

30. Cold Front: cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass
Cold Front: cold air mass pushes under a warm air mass. Bring heavy rain, gusty winds, and cooler temperatures.
Warm Front: warm air mass pushes under cold air mass. Bring light rain lasting a few days and warmer temperatures.