1. Small Scale Wind Turbine
Georgianne Areizaga
Haley Moore

2. Horizontal Axis Small Scale Wind Turbine
Advantages
Blades are to the side of the turbines center of gravity, helping stability
Higher Power Coefficient
Taller towers may be placed on uneven ground
Little maintenance
Improved angle of attack
Challenges
Efficiency of small size turbine is low
Effect radar in proximity
Aesthetics

3. What We Each Plan to Build
Mechanical Design Components
Rotor
Tower
Yawing Mechanism
Gearbox
Low speed shaft
High speed shaft
Braking mechanism
Electrical Design Components
Charge Controller
Battery Bank
VoltMeter
Alternative Load
Anemometer

4. What we will need to buy Generator Material for blades
Electronic Components such as capacitors, instrumentation amplifiers
Material for tower and hub
Materials for gears and shaft
If time is limited, we will buy the anemometer instead of designing.
Generator
- The generator will be our major purchase for this project.

5. Anemometer
Blades
Rotor
Gear Box
Generator
Brake
Charge Controller
Battery Bank
Dump Load
Environment
(wind)
Voltmeter

6. Mechanical Design Rotor Tower Yawing Mechanism Gearbox -Gear Ratio
Blade
Material
Tower
Yawing Mechanism
Gearbox
-Gear Ratio
-High Speed Shaft
-Low Speed Shaft

7. Electrical Design Charge Controller Alternative Load Battery Bank
To prevent continuous overcharging
Alternative Load
An alternative load where the energy can be safely handled
Battery Bank
An array of batteries charged by the solar panel
Anemometer
Device to measure wind speeds
Voltmeter
Device to measure DC voltage

8. Charge Controller
Limits the rate that the current will be added or drawn from the battery bank
The ideal solution is to use a charge controller that will charge the batteries fully and then switch to an alternative load, an alternative load.
The charge controller constantly monitors the voltage of the battery bank.

9. Design Procedure of Charge Controller
Two different charge controllers will be designed to compare efficiencies
Design an electronic circuit
Program microcontroller to mimic what an electronic circuit would do
The charge controller will first be constructed on a breadboard. Once confirming functionality and efficiency, the designs will be constructed onto a printed circuit board.

10. Alternative Load Wind turbines are designed to be under a load
A wind turbine is designed with a load because if it were to operate in a no load situation at high wind speeds, the turbine can be destroyed.
Once the battery bank is fully charged, it is necessary that the wind turbine stop charging the battery bank as overcharging batteries is very bad.
The ideal solution is to charge the batteries until they reach a full charge, then switch to an alternate load where the energy can be safely handled.

11. Battery Bank
Affixing multiple batteries in series to increase the voltage.
The battery bank will allow the turbine to charge more batteries and harness more of the energy that is being produced.

12. Voltmeter and Anemometer
Voltmeter- A device that measures voltage
Anemometer -A device that measures wind speeds
Accurately display current voltage of battery bank and current wind speeds.

13. Efficiency Power Available in Wind (in Watts)
½ * air density * swept area * wind velocity3
Limit to power extracted by the wind (Betz Limit)
Maximum power extraction = %
Efficiency of conversion
Coefficient of Power(Cp) =30%
Betz --- More and more air tends to go around the turbine rather than through it, with air pooling up in front.
Kemen --- Klemen averaged the efficiency of Power(Cp) if the turbine
Source:

14. Projected Efficiency
At 8.9m/s speeds with a 2 meter diameter turbine Pavailable = 1380 Watts Pactual = 414Watts At 4.4m/s speeds with a 2 meter diameter turbine Pavailable = 172 Watts Pactual= 51 Watts

15. Goals and Testing A turbine with a diameter of 2 meters
Generate enough energy to power a laptop
Conversion coefficient power (Cp) = 30%
Charge controller that effectively keeps the battery bank from overcharging and the wind turbine always under load.
We plan to test our project in the UNH Wind Tunnel

16. Sources http://www.green-trust.org/freebooks/wind1-1.pdf
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