1. Anatomy & Physiology I
Unit Nine

2. The Autonomic Nervous System Functions
Innervates smooth & cardiac muscle and glands
Maintains homeostasis by varying rates, constriction, dilation, etc.

3. The Autonomic Nervous System

4. The Autonomic Nervous System

5. Autonomic Nervous System
The
Autonomic Nervous System

6. Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

7. Autonomic Nervous System
The
Autonomic Nervous System

8. The Autonomic Nervous System

9. The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors
Adrenergic receptors
# found on effectors
# respond to epinephrine &
norepinephrine
# can be excitatory or inhibitory
# two forms – alpha & beta

10. The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors
Adrenergic receptors
# alpha receptors are usually
excitatory
# beta receptors are usually
inhibitory, but can be excitatory

11. The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors
Cholinergic receptors
# found on postganglionic neurons
and effectors
# respond to acetylcholine
# can be excitatory or inhibitory
# two forms – nicotinic &
muscarinic

12. The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors
Cholinergic receptors
# nicotinic receptors are always
excitatory and are found in the
postganglionic neurons, adrenal
medulla & myoneural junctions

13. The Autonomic Nervous System Receptors
Cholinergic receptors
# muscarinic receptors can be
either inhibitory or excitatory,
work by way of a second
messenger and are found in
effectors

14. The Autonomic Nervous System Functions
Certain drugs can be used to block these receptors so they cannot be stimulated
These drugs are called blockers

15. The Autonomic Nervous System Functions
Sympatholytics are drugs that block adrenergic receptors
Propranolol is a beta blocker that blocks beta receptors in the heart & arteries

16. The Autonomic Nervous System Functions
Parasympatholytics are drugs that block cholinergic receptors
Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors, such as in the eyes & respiratory tubes

17. The Autonomic Nervous System

18. ANS Receptor Effects

19. Receptors
Receptors are dendrite endings that transduce energy from the external and internal environment into the energy of action potentials
Receptors are grouped by the type of energy they transduce
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Photoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Proprioceptors

20. Receptor Action

21. Eye Anatomy

22. Rods & Cones

23. Eye Anatomy

24. Eye Abnormalities

25. Ear Anatomy

26. Inner Ear Anatomy

27. Hair Cell Receptors

28. Hair Cells & Otoliths

29. Inner Ear Anatomy

30. Organ of Corti