1. The Clash Between Idealism and Self-Interest

2. Early Expansion
City on a Hill, Monroe Doctrine, exceptionalism, manifest destiny, Frederick Jackson Turner
Louisiana Purchase- 1803
War of 1812
Taking Indian Land
Seward- “commanding sway in the world”/ Seward’s folly- Alaska
Hawaii- sugar interests overthrow Queen- 1891
(Planters stage coup. Seek annexation from Harrison. Cleveland opposed.
War of 1898 allowed annexation

4. Early Expansion Berlin Conference- 1884
Expansionism- 1890’s motivated by profit, piety, politics, patriotism
Profit
Access to markets (mercantilism)
America’s largest corporations supported foreign aggression (United Fruit, Alcoa Aluminum, Du Pont, etc.

5. Piety Rationalism was racism, ethnocentrism, morally exceptional
Josiah Strong- “Our Country”- US is divinely commissioned to protect and spread liberty.
White Man’s Burden
“missionaries” sent to China

7. Patriotism Nationalism Teddy Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge
Mahan- naval power is key/look outward/canals/colonies in Pacific

9. Politics McKinley under pressure
Press/ public pressure for international action

10. War in Cuba Cuba revolts against Spain in 1895
Lome (Spanish minister) letter called McKinley “weak”
Battleship Maine sent to Havana to protect American citizens
“Remember the Maine”
Public outcry made it hard for McKinley to avoid war
Roosevelt (sec of navy tries to orchestrate war)
Teller Amendment the US had no intention of annexing Cuba
Platt Amendment US obtained economic rights in Cuba, Guantanamo Bay, and the right to intervene in Cuban politics
Sugar

11. Spanish American War “Splendid little war”
Roosevelt uses war to expand his political ambitions and nationalism
Guam/Puerto Rico
Phillipines- “Benevolent assimilation” – fought Filipino resistance until 1902

13. Anti-Imperialism League
Opposed war and annexation
Very little influence
Carnegie
Harrison
Cleveland
Gompers
“The blare of the bugle drowned out the voice of the reformer.”
7,000 islands (20 million people)
Bryan ran as anti-imperialist in 1900
Insular Cases of people in territories do not have Constitutional rights

15. Roosevelt

16. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy
“speak softly and carry a big stick”
Noble peace prize in ending the Russo-Japanese War
Avoid war with other “civilized” nations
Police “uncivilized” nations
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine US intervention in Latin America justified to protect economic interests
Resulted in multiple interventions and support of tyrannical regimes that protected US corporate interests

17. Panama Canal
United States recognized Panama’s revolution from Columbia so that it could build the canal.
Finished in 1914

18. Open Door Policy- 1899-1900 Open door for American trade Respect China
Larger American role in Asia
Boxer rebellion in 1900 (anti foreign and anti Christian movement in China)
Put down by Marines

19. Japanese-Americans Came to California and farmed
Gentleman’s Agreement Japanese limited immigration in exchange for repealing anti-Japanese laws in California
1908- Root Takahira agreement- Japan recognized in take over of Manchuria/ Hawaiian and Phillipine take over recognized

20. Dollar diplomacy
Using money as tool, use economic power to influence other countries

21. European Policy Prevent war with Europe
Maintain special relationship with Britain