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Unit IB AP U.S. History Borrowed from J. Burkowski

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1 Unit IB AP U.S. History Borrowed from J. Burkowski
COLONIAL AMERICA Unit IB AP U.S. History Borrowed from J. Burkowski

2 England Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval power Population increases Joint-stock companies develop Religious conflicts divide the nation Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

3 English Colonies Charters Corporate Colony Proprietary Colony
Granted a charter to stockholders (Joint-Stock Company) Ex. Virginia Proprietary Colony Granted a charter to individual or group Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania Royal Colony Under direct control of the monarch Ex. New Hampshire Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts

4 The First English Colonies
First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585 First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat” John Rolfe - tobacco

5 Who is this?

6 Oh yeah…Pocahontas

7 Disney’s John Smith

8 Hollywood’s John Smith

9 This is John Smith.

10 Pilgrims Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia
Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth (1620)

11

12 The Mayflower (II)

13 Look, a big rock.

14 Wampanoag Dwelling

15 Plymouth Colony

16 Thirteen Colonies

17 New England Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) Rhode Island
John Winthrop “city upon a hill” Rhode Island Providence (1636) Roger Williams Portsmouth (1638) Anne Hutchinson Connecticut Hartford (1637) Thomas Hooker New Haven (1638) New Hampshire (1679)

18 New England and Religion
Puritanical lifestyle in Massachusetts Religious toleration and dissent Rhode Island Roger Williams and “wall of separation” Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism Halfway Covenant (1662) Attempt to increase members Salem Witch Trials ( ) 185 accused 141 women; 44 men 19 executed 14 women; 5 men

19 New England Politics Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
First written constitution in America Relations with Natives New England Confederation ( ) Defense alliance among Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven King Philip’s (Metacom) War ( ) New England Confederation defeats Wampanoag alliance

20 Middle Colonies Development Economics New York New Jersey (1702)
New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664 New Jersey (1702) Pennsylvania settled by Quakers Delaware (1702) Economics Develop wheat and corn farms “Bread basket” of the colonies Eventually into manufacturing and trade

21 Pennsylvania William Penn (1681)
Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers Holy Experiment Religious refuge Liberal political ideals Economic success Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties

22 Southern Colonies Maryland (1634) Virginia (1607) Carolinas (1663)
Lord Baltimore Act of Toleration (1649) Virginia (1607) Carolinas (1663) North Carolina (1729) Tobacco South Carolina (1729) Rice and indigo Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe

23 Virginia Jamestown (1607) House of Burgesses in 1619
First legislative assembly in the colonies Becomes royal colony in 1624 Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Inequities between large landowners and western farmers Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley Headright System 50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant "Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot.” Governor William Berkeley in response to Nathanial Bacon’s threat for demands.

24 Georgia James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732
Social experiment Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida Debtors colony

25 Colonial Religion Diverse among colonies regarding strict adherence and religious toleration Protestant dominant Anglican Church Congregationalist Presbyterian Lutheran Catholic The (First) Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” George Whitefield Evangelism Baptists and Methodists

26 Colonial Religion

27 Colonial Politics Limited Self-Government Voting Freedom of Expression
Elected bicameral legislative assemblies Governors Local governments Voting Limited to adult male educated and/or property owners Freedom of Expression John Peter Zenger Case (1735)

28 Dominion of New England (1686-1689)
Established by King James II to consolidate colonies Administrative union of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey Governor Edmund Andros Dissolution

29 Colonial Society And Colonial Culture
American Social Structure Wealthy landowners Merchants Small farmers Craftspeople Slaves Regional differences Opportunity Less dependent on heredity Gender Roles Men Patriarchal society, landowners, workers Women Submissive to men but respected, domestic responsibilities, limited to no political rights Becoming American Pragmatism Dominance of English culture Folkways Regional differences

30 Colonial Culture - The Arts
Architecture Early colonies centered around a church Urban structures typical of English structures Frontier log cabins Literature Newspapers Religious sermons, political essays, non-fiction books Poor Richard’s Almanac - Benjamin Franklin

31 Colonial Culture - Education
Limited to wealthy males; females learned domestic chores Higher Education Most established for ministry/theological studies New England Colonies Education by mothers Towns with over 50 families required primary schools; over 100 families, required grammar schools Middle Colonies Private and church education Southern Colonies Limited education due to agricultural lifestyle

32 Settlement and Migration
250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775 Europeans and Africans along with a high birth rate Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoil English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish  OLD IMMIGRANTS Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and slave labor

33 Colonial Slavery Indentured servitude Why Slaves?
Increased wages in England Labor shortages lead to importing slaves Cheap labor Dependable work force Slave Rebellions and Reactions Stono Rebellion/Cato Rebellion (1739) New York “Conspiracy” (1741) Slave laws

34 Slave Demographics

35 Colonial Economics Mercantilism Acts of Navigation Molasses Act (1733)
Colonies for the “Mother Country” Acts of Navigation Trade on English ships Imports pass English ports Exports to England Molasses Act (1733) Triangular Trade Middle Passage

36 Colonial Economics Money Transportation New England Middle Colonies
Commodity money (gold/silver) Fiat money (paper currency) Transportation Rivers and coasts Horse and carriage Taverns and postal services New England Shipbuilding and manufacturing Lumber Fishing and whaling Merchants/Trade Middle Colonies Wheat and corn Manufacturing Southern Colonies Plantation systems Tobacco, rice, indigo Forced labor Indentured servants and slaves

37 PUROPOSE DATE FOUNDER MAJOR EXPORT () - Becomes an English colony
VIRGINIA commercial 1607 Virginia Company John Smith Tobacco PLYMOUTH/ MASSACHUSETTS Religious refuge/ 1620/ 1628 William Bradford/ Massachusetts Bay Company John Winthrop Grain, timber NEW YORK 1613 (1664) Peter Stuveysant (Duke of York) Furs, grain NEW HAMPSHIRE 1623 John Mason Timber, naval stores RHODE ISLAND Religious refuge 1636 Roger Williams Grain CONNECTICUT expansion 1635 Thomas Hooker PENNSYLVANIA 1681 William Penn - Quakers DELAWARE 1638 (1681) Peter Minuit/ William Penn MARYLAND 1634 Lord Baltimore - Catholics NORTH CAROLINA 1663 Anthony Cooper Tobacco, timber, naval stores SOUTH CAROLINA Rice, indigo, naval stores GEORGIA Buffer, experiment 1733 James Oglethorpe Rice, timber, naval stores () - Becomes an English colony

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