1. Multi-Domained, Multi-Homed Mobile Networks
Mobile Platform Internet (MPI)
mailing list:
Terry Davis – Boeing
Will Ivancic – NASA Glenn

2. Common Sectors Aviation Maritime Trains Trucking (Shipping) Automotive
Others ???

3. How Do You Select and Implement the Routing Path?
High Speed SatCom Network
Globally Available
Affected by Weather
Higher Bandwidth
High Latency
High Cost
Low Speed SatCom Network
Globally Available
Low Bandwidth
High Latency
Very High Cost
Redundant
Entertainment
Mobile Network
Command and
Control
Operations
Low Rate VHF
Reliable
Low Latency
High Speed Terrestrial
Not Available when Mobile
High Bandwidth
Low latency
Lower Cost
High Speed LOS Network
Globally Available
High Bandwidth
Low Latency
Lower Security
Moderate Cost
Internet
Destination Network
(for Entertainment)
Destination Network
(for Operations)
Destination Network
(for Command & Control)
How do you decide which path the data should take?
How do you cause the network(s) to route the data via this path?

4. Aviation Specific Issues
Safety of Life / Safety of Flight
Time-Critical command and control for Air Traffic Control
Fast convergence time is essential!
New radio link technologies are “uncertified” for Air Traffic Control / Air Operations Communications (ATC/AOC)
Regulatory requirements force network design
Three independent network domains
(required for regulatory, QoS, & security)
Passenger & In-Flight-Entertainment
Airline Operations
Air Traffic Control
Service providers may be authorized to carry one, two, or all services.
ATC will be a “closed network”
Multiple security and authentication architectures

5. Airplane Communications

6. In-Air Communication
Multiple networks with varying criteria for utilizing different links
Aircraft Control Domain
Airline Information Services Domain
Passenger Information and Entertainment Services Domain
Often multiple links will be active to the same domain simultaneously.
May need to have connectivity to 10 or more ISPs depending on what airports one flies into
Need to autonomously connect to service providers
Each airport controls the ISP contracts

7. ISO Aeronautics Telecommunication Network (ATN) Island Routing Domain Confederation
Mobile RD
Mobile RD
Another
ATN Island
ATN Backbone RDC
ATN TRD
ATN TRD
Mobile RD
ATN Island RDC
ATN TRD
ATN ERD
ATN ERD
OSI IDRP Routing
Controlled topology to ensure rapid route prorogation
Routing Protocols requires ownership/coordination of infrastructure
Injecting routes
Not deployed due to cost
ERD – End Routing Domain
RD – Routing Domain
RDC – Routing Domain Confederation
TRD – Transit Routing Domain

8. BGP/OSPF for Air Traffic Control
E-BGP requires configuration with each Autonomous Systems. This is a scalability problem.
If you don’t own the infrastructure, you probably will not be allowed to inject routes!
Air Ground
BGP/OSPF
Mobile-1
BGP
OSPF
AREA 1
BGP/OSPF
Mobile-2
BGP
OSPF
AREA 0
BGP/OSPF
OSPF
AREA N
Mobile-N
BGP
BGP/OSPF
This may work for ATC, but not for AOC or Passenger Services
(AOC is a closed network and will not propagate routes to the world)

9. Multiplexing at the Radio
ATC
ATC
NEMO-1 HA
MUX
NEMO-1
Satellite
AOC
AOC
NEMO-2 HA
MUX
NEMO-2
WiFi
Passenger
Passenger
NEMO-3 HA
MUX
NEMO-3
VHF
If one requires a separate nemo router for each domain, then, failure to Multiplex requires a radio for each interface!

10. Antenna Systems Note, this picture does not show: Satellite links
Passenger service links
Gate links (WiFi)
Gate links (umbilical cord)

11. Multiplexing at the Router
SATCOM AERO-1
Communication and Display
SATCOM AERO-HH
Mobile Network 1
Air Traffic Management LAN
VHF Voice/DATA
Mobile Router
HF Voice/DATA
Mobile Network 2
Operations LAN (Avionics)
NEM0-1 NEMO-2 NEMO-3
INMARSAT Swift 64
High-Rate Satellite
Sensor Controller (Optional Display)
WiFi Max
Mobile Network 3
GateLink
Passenger Services
Cellular
Future Links

12. X Global HAHA for NEMO Beware of VPN tunnels.
If security is not considered up front, it may negate route optimization! 
VPN
Endpoint X
Secondary
Home Agent
Primary
Home Agent
Secondary Home Agent
provides pseudo route optimization
which is useful over long distances

13. Global HaHa Draft allows for No Security Concerns
Distribute HAs at IP layer
HA to HA communications at layer 3 to get rid of home link in configurations where it is not needed
MIP proxy for local mobility management
to allow a mobile router to bind locally as it is roaming far away from any of its own home agents
Pseudo route optimization in the infrastructure
No Security
Concerns
How is routing accomplished to get to appropriate HA?
How many home agents will aviation need?
How fast can one switch to a new home agent?

14. Monami6 for Aeronautics

15. Multiple Links to Aircraft
Failover for safety-of-life critical control traffic
Separation of governmental control, airline corporate, and passenger network traffic
Differing priorities on same link
Differing link forwarding selection according to policy

16. Policy-Based Routing, All Links Active
P-DATA
Mobile Router
High speed link
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATA
AOC
Home Agent
int1
P-DATA
ATC
Low latency link
AOC
AOC
P-DATA
int2
ATC
Reliable link
int3
ATC
ATC
AOC
Routing Policy
Routing Policy

17. Policy-Based Routing, Critical Link Active
P-DATA
Mobile Router
High speed link
P-DATA
AOC
Home Agent
int1
ATC
Low latency link
AOC
P-DATA
int2
ATC
Reliable link
int3
ATC
ATC
Routing Policy
Routing Policy

18. Policy-Based Routing, Passengers Link Active
P-DATA
High speed link
Mobile Router
P-DATA
P-DATA
P-DATA
AOC
ATC
AOC
Home Agent
int1
P-DATA
ATC
Low latency link
AOC
P-DATA
int2
Reliable link
int3
ATC
Routing Policy
Routing Policy

19. Multiple Care-of Addresses
Some governments provide VHF/UHF air-to-ground network infrastructure
Multiple commercial service providers for satellite and other links
Removes potential single-point-of-failure for safety-of-life traffic
Multiple HAs

20. Within Monami6 ...
Assume an aircraft has a NEMO MR with X links and care-of addresses, and Y geographically distributed home agents
X*Y possible bidirectional tunnels
But only a few active at one time
At MR, downlink tunnel selection (CoA and HA pair) based on policy for traffic class of each packet
At HA, uplink tunnel selection (CoA) based on policy
Different security mechanisms for each tunnel based on policy

21. Desires Multiple CoA option works for NEMO
GOOD based on draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-00
Support use of flow binding option for NEMO HA-MR tunnel selection
draft-soliman-monami6-flow-binding-02 is currently worded very mobile-node (not NEMO) centric, although seems to work well for NEMO too

22. Recommendations / Desires

23. Recommendations / Desires
Need Route Optimization for Large Mobile Platforms that move over large geographical areas.
Global HAHA is a potential
Other proposals also should be considered
Including work being done in IRTF MOBOPTS
It is highly desirable to have multiple NEMOs in a single router (multi-domained nemos)
What are the security implications of this?
Need to examine Security Architecture relative to mobility mechanisms
If we are not careful, security may undo route optimization.
Ensure the IKEv2 and revised IPsec architecture are considered

24. Recommendations / Desires
Aspects of MANET Autoconfiguration may be applicable to traditional routing for large mobile systems regarding the air/ground interface addressing.
MONAMI6 currently appears to be handling the needs of large mobile platforms.
It would be advantageous if the filtering mechanisms and policy-base routing for monami6 worked with a hybrid nemo/mip/traditional routing configurations.

25. Non-IETF (?) Issues or Not?
Automated access to networks – particularly access to radio systems (Internet Docking for Mobile Networks)
Implementation solutions are a combination of architecture, protocol and policy. Is it appropriate to have an “Informational document” for large mobile platforms?

26. Mobile Platform Internet (MPI)
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