1. Latin American Economic and Social Change

2. Warm-up- True or False?
By 1830 all of Spanish Latin America had gained its independence
With the expansion of coffee growing came an intensification of slavery in Brazil
In 1845 the U.S. moved to annex Texas, a maneuver fostered by the doctrine of eminent domain, the belief that the U.S. was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast

3. Britain in L. America
Britain replaced Spain as main trading partner in L. America
System benefited port cities and landowners but damaged regional industries= land was basis of wealth again

4. The Monroe Doctrine- 1823
Doctrine demanded non-interference in L. America (interference would be considered an unfriendly act by the U.S.)

5. U.S. Economic Imperialism

6. 1820-1850 Stagnation in Latin America
Economies stagnant
Fight between the liberals and conservatives blocked real political reform

7. 1880-1920 Large increase in economic growth
Germany and U.S. enter as major traders with Latin America

8. The Panama Canal
Roosevelt aided Panamanian revolutionaries to get independence from Columbia
Panama Canal completed in 1914
U.S. collected tolls on it
L.Americans become suspicious of U.S. plans on L. America

9. Changes in Mexico Problem of Texas and U.S. manifest destiny
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848 gave the U.S. almost half of Mexico’s territory (California, Texas, Southwest)

10. Political Leaders in Mexico
Santa Anna- caudillo
Benito Juarez and La Reforma – liberal
Maximilian von Hapsburg (installed by the French and assassinated later)
Porfirio Diaz- caudillo

11. : Mexico
Porfiro Diaz provoked serious rebellion by early 1900s
Economic growth occurred at the expense of the peasantry and working class
Civil war from

12. Changes in Argentina 1816 Republic of Rio de la Plata
Political problem: strong (liberal centrists) vs. weak government (federalist)
Juan Maneul de Rosas- federalist came to power ( )
Domingo F. Sarmiento came to power in 1862 and reformed for the next 30 years
Political stability and foreign investment increased- Buenos Aires

13. 1880-1920: Argentina Technological change
Immigrants help increase output
Buenos Aires becomes booming metropolis
1890s socialist party had formed

14. Changes in Brazil Monarchy under Pedro I Liberals vs. conservatives
Pedro II experimented with republican government
Coffee revived export economy and intensified slavery (abolished 1888)
1889 coup replaces monarchy with a republic

15. Women during the 19th Century
Women’s roles remained unchanged
Public education allowed some women to become educated and by the end of the century they were fighting for more rights

16. Race in the 19th Century
Racial and class distinctions remained in tact despite their legal outlaw
Creole elite remained in control of the land, wealth, and politics