1. O.G.M. & BIOTECH CLASS 3° F “San Giovanni Bosco” Middle School 2009-10
by Andrea Pozzoli and Dario Cozac
O.G.M. & BIOTECH
CLASS 3° F 1

2. GloFish®, first aquarium fish made phosphorescent by transgenesis
GloFish®, first aquarium fish made phosphorescent by transgenesis. They’re the first genetically modified company animals. 2

3. Index Advantages and disadvantages of OGM What are OGM
How you can get OGM
Biotechnologies
Dna’s structure
Kinds of agriculture
Project RAFI TERMINATOR TECNOLOGY 3

4. Pesticides’ use reduction
THE PROS AND CONS
Advantages
Pesticides’ use reduction
Variation of nutritional features for a better diet
Increase of plants’ productivity 4

5. Disadvantages Genetic pollution Bio-invasion
Biologic check for the anti-insect toxins
Demonstration of any allergies 5

6. WHAT ARE OGMs?
O.G.M. means genetically modified organism. They’re animals and plants with a genetic artificial patrimony. These organisms aren’t very different from the natural organisms. They’re modified but they don’t undergo a significant alteration. Dna is formed of genes, units of hereditary material that determine each feature of an organism. 6

7. There are two kinds of biotechnologies:
HOW YOU CAN GET AN OGM
To get an O.G.M. or transgenic organism you use biotechnologies. The result is a valuable good at low cost.
There are two kinds of biotechnologies:
ADVANCED: Technologies that allow the study and operations on the organisms for the transformation into OGM
TRADITIONAL: Very old technologies based on the fermentation or on the cross between organisms of different kinds 7

8. ALL YOU WOULD HAVE WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT BIOTECHNOLOGIES
Genetic engineering, born in the 70s, is not a natural technique. It allows the transfer of some genes from a cell to another cell to confer excellent features to the new organism.
There are several techniques. One of these is the ‘’genetic gun’’, able to throw genes directly in the cell’s nucleus that you want to modify.
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9. DNA’s structure DNA stands for desossiribonucleic acid .
At the base of each chromosome there are very thin DNA’s filaments. DNA is the most common of nucleic acids.
All the nucleic acids can control cells’ activities and can make copies of themselves.
Example of a DNA’s filament 9

10. AGRICULTURE
Transgenic
Biologic
Chemical 10

11. BIOLOGIC, CHEMICAL AND TRANSGENIC AGRICULTURE
BIOLOGIC AGRICULTURE: It’s the agriculture practised since the prehistory. It uses manures. It’s the most expensive but it also gives the best products.
CHEMICAL AGRICULTURE: This kind of agriculture uses pesticides and fertilizers to make plants strong against atmospheric agents and bacteria. Its products are dangerous for health.
OGM’S AGRICULTURE : It puts stranger genes in the plant’s genome. Its products have a good quality and are low cost but this kind of agriculture damages environmental ecosystem and bio difference. 11

12. RAFI -TERMINATOR TECHNOLOGY
Rafi terminator technology is a project patenting OGM KILLERS. They are formed of genes that, after the first germination, make the plant unproductive. In this way the producer industry persuades farmer to buy seeds every year, increasing its profits.
Possible dangers are:
Only one industry gets control of the international market;
The impoverishment of people that keep seed for next year;
With the pollination all seeds become of this kind; so the ground would become unproductive.