1. Chapter 14:
Weathering & Erosion

2. Section 4:
Erosion

3. Erosion – transporting weathered material, agents – gravity, wind, glacier, & water
Soil erosion major concern
Soil erodes faster than its made
Land use & climate affect S.E.
Affects crops

4. Gullying – soil washed away forms gullies, rapid erosion
Sheet erosion – topsoil washed away, leaves subsoil

5. Soil Conservation Human Effects Solutions?
Farming, grazing, construction increase E. rates
Solutions?
Contour farming – plowed according to shape of land
Strip-cropping – alternating pattern of crops
Terracing – planted in curves on slopes
Crop rotation – alternate crops grown
Wind Breaks – blocks the wind
Terracing
Contour farming
Strip cropping

6. Gravity & Erosion Rockfalls – from steep cliff
Mass movement – lg. amts. of soil flows downhill
Rockfalls & landslides –
Rockfalls – from steep cliff
Landslides – lg. mass of rock & soil quickly moves downhill

7. Gravity & Erosion
Slump
Mudflows – mountainous regions w/heavy rainfall or w/ volcanic eruptions
Slumps – lg. mass of soil & rock that moves downhill in 1 piece

8. Gravity & Erosion
Solifluction – arctic & mountainous areas, saturated soil moves over frozen soil
Creep – slow downhill movement
Rock fragments pile base of slope - Talus

9. Erosion & Landforms Mountains
Mts. being uplifted have sharp peaks & narrow valleys
Over time they wear down forming PENEPLAINS – slow rolling hills
Plateaus
lg. flat raised landform
Dry conditions
Plateaus  mesas  buttes
Plateau, vs Mesa vs Butte: If they all have flat tops and steep sides, why aren't they all referred to as buttes, or mesas, or plateaus? In laymen's terms, a butte is a small flat-topped or pointed hill or mountain. A mesa is a medium size flat-topped hill or mountain. And a plateau is a really big flat-topped hill or mountain.

10. Glaciers & Rivers
U-shaped
V-shaped

11. End of Section 4 review 1. What are 4 agents of erosion?
1. wind, water, glaciers, & gravity
1. What are 4 agents of erosion?
2. Summarize two processes of soil erosion.
3. Identify 4 farming methods that result in soil conservation
4. What are 2 ways gravity contributes to erosion?
5. Compare rapid mass movements with slow mass movements
6. Describe the erosion of 3 major land forms
CONTINUED ON NEXT SLIDE
2. Gullying = plowed furrows up & down a slope, rain rushes though widening the furrow; Sheet erosion – water or wind goes over soil & removes the top layer of soil in entire sheets
3. Contour farming, strip cropping, terracing & crop rotation
4. Moves water down slopes & causes mass movement of rocks and soil
5. Rapid = rockfalls, landslides, mudflows & slumping can be catastrophic; Slow = creep & solifluction – not as catastrophic but moves greater amount of material over time
6. Mountains are eroded from rugged peaks into rounded slopes; plateaus are eroded into buttes and mesas

12. Section 4 review continued
7. Describe an experiment that could help you determine whether a nearby hill is undergoing creep. 8. Suppose that you wanted to grow grapevines on a hillside in Italy. What farming methods would you use? Why? 9. Describe 2 ways that a small butte would change if it was in a wet climate rather than dry climate. 10. A hillside community has asked you to help brain storm ways to prevent future mudflows. What are 3 methods you might use?
7. Place a stick in the ground on a slope and monitor its position over time (see if it changed/moved)
8. Contour planting with strip cropping between the rows of vines or terracing to reduce hillside erosion
9. He butte would probably have shallower slopes and more rounded tops
10. Increase ground cover to hold soil in place with the roots of the plants; build retaining walls to hold soil back during rain storms, do not allow building and deforestation