1. Prejudice

2. Basics What is prejudice? Prej vs. stereotypes vs. discrimination
Does it have to be negative?
Does it have to be held by high status group?
Is it implicit or explicit or both? (IAT?)
Blatant vs. subtle?
How can it be measured?
Katz & Braly, 1933
LaPiere, 1934
What are the “primitive categories?”

3. Sneetches (Dr. Seuss)

4. What causes prejudice? Dual process models Learning perspectives
Intergroup perspectives
Motivational approaches
Cognitive approaches/automaticity
Threat approaches
Evolutionary approaches
Individual difference approaches
Justification approaches

5. Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986)
vs. self-categorization theory
What does the theory suggest?
Minimal group paradigm (Tajfel, 1970)
What are our social identities? What determines what is salient?
What do these social identities do for us?
How can we deal with a negative social identity? What determines choice?
Ingroup positivity vs. outgroup derogation
Brewer’s Optimal Distinctiveness Theory

6. Threat/Intergroup theories
Relative deprivation theory (Davis, 1959)
Realistic group conflict theory (Sherif, 1966)
Robber’s Cave study (Sherif, Harvey, White, Hood, & Sherif, 1961)
Integrated threat theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000)
Realistic threats
Symbolic threats
Intergroup anxiety
Negative stereotypes
Intergroup emotions theory (Smith, 1993)
Fear, disgust, contempt, anger, jealousy
Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2008: status and competition (competence and warmth)

7. From Neuberg & Cottrell, 2006 (example of evolutionary approach)
Threat to ingroup
Cues to threat
Emotion
moderators
Physical safety
Large size, male, anger
Fear/flight responses
Dark, belief in DW
Physical health
Unclean, deformed
Disgust/avoidance response
Contact, PVD, pregnancy, being sick, priming, disgust
Competence
Have more resources
Envy; increase own resources
Group morality
Hurt by ingroup
Guilt/justify, help
Group functioning due to inability to reciprocate
disabled
Pity/sympathy
Avoidance response
Benefit ingroup
Admiration/
Approach response
Reciprocity relations by choice (social coordination, economic resources)
Unfamiliar
Anger/fight response
Eco stress, PWE

8. Justification perspectives
Social dominance theory (Sidanius & Paratto, 2012)
System justification theory (Jost & Banaji, 1994)

9. JSM Model (Crandall & Eshleman, 2003)
What is their view of prejudice?
What is “genuine prejudice”? Is it an implicit attitude?
What is new in this model?
Is this a Freudian theory?
What factors lead to GP?
Are some of these sources of prejudice more important than others?
What is the difference between GP and an implicit attitude?

10. Do we know what our real levels of GP are?
What is the role/effect of education? Group affiliation?
Is there a prejudiced person, or many prejudices?
What are the implications of the model for prejudice reduction?

11. Suppression What is suppression? How can you test for suppression?
What are sources of suppression?
What makes it harder?
How can we make it easier?

12. Justifications What are they?
How do they relate to suppression? (Also, see Table 1)
Examples
Status quo
Social hierarchy
Attributions
Covering
Beliefs
Intergroup processes

13. Integrated Model of Prejudice (Dovidio & Gaertner, 1998)
Research by Nail and Harton
Liberals vs. conservatives
Modern/symbolic racism (McConahay, 1986, Kinder & Sears, 1981) vs. Aversive racism (Gaertner & Dovidio, 1986)
Ambivalent racism (Katz & Hass, 1988)
How does this fit in with JSM?

14. Types of prejudice
What does it mean to say that race is socially constructed?
What affects how someone is categorized?
How is prejudice different in other countries?
Should you use race or ethnicity terms?
What determines whether a group is seen as diverse?
Are diverse workgroups good or bad?
How do sexism and ageism differ from racism?

15. Ways to reduce—contact
Contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954)
What are the four conditions?
How likely/common are these conditions? Whom do they have the most effect on?
Are there times that contact is bad?
Jigsaw classroom

16. Ways to reduce--categorization
Common in-group identity model (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000)
Decategorization vs. recat vs. mutual differentiation vs. nested or cross-cutting identities—what should be our goal?
Colorblind vs. multi-culturalism

17. Effects of discrimination (Barreto & Ellemers, 2015)
How well do people identify discrimination?
Why is it so hard to recognize?
Is it better for those involved to see discrimination or not?
When does it build up to the point that people will act (link to article last week)?
If a person is discriminated against, what are the advantages vs. disadvantages of identifying with the group more highly?

18. What are the social costs and benefits of confronting prejudice?
What are the differences in dealing with discrimination for concealable vs. nonconcealable stigmas?
What about when one individual from the group succeeds? Does that help the group?
What are the social costs and benefits of confronting prejudice?
Why are people less likely to confront than they think?

19. What do you think of the methodologies for most of the studies in this article?
What is the take home perspective?

20. Next week Test questions and test Location? Attitudes Chapter in book
2 PR articles
AP article