1. ENGAGING WITH CELL RESPIRATION

2. ENGAGING WITH CELL RESPIRATION
What is energy?
Why do we need energy?
Where does the energy we need come from?
What does the term respiration mean?
What does the term cell respiration mean?
Why do we need oxygen?
Do all organisms need oxygen?

3. DO YOU EVEN LIFT?
With your partner, for 4 minutes, choose three activities that you think require energy. Explain what type of energy is being used, how you know energy is being used, and how energy is being used in these activities. Be thorough in your answer.
For 2 minutes, SILENTLY read the Engage section of your Student Article.
Discuss the question, “What is metabolism?” with your partner for 1 minute.

4. ENGAGE
Your body is using energy in almost every activity that you do, even sleeping
Your brain uses A LOT of energy because it controls everything in your body.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the type of energy that animals, yeast, fungi, and protists use to do stuff
In respiration, sugars and fats are converted into ATP, using oxygen

5. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE What organelles are involved in cell respiration?
Cytoplasm and mitochondria
What is the function of ATP?
Cell money
Provides energy for cell to do stuff

6. Cell Respiration vs. Breathing
For 1 minute, debate with your group on whether or not cell respiration and breathing are the same thing
For 1 minute, SILENTLY read the section “Cellular Respiration” in your Student Articles
What’s Your Opinion Now??

7. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration
Draw a table into your notes (like that on the board)
With your partner, take 1 minute to fill in the chart.
SILENTLY, take 4 minutes to read the “Reactants & Products” section of your Student Articles
When complete with reading, take 2 minutes to define the following terms: energy, cell respiration, aerobic respiration, glycolysis, electron transport chain

8. Reactants and Products
Heterotrophs breakdown food to get energy to grow, reproduce, and survive
Aerobic respiration: creating energy, in the presence of O2
Glucose is the energy source used to make ATP in heterotrophs
Reactants: glucose (or fats) & O2
Products: CO2 & H2O

9. Reactants and Products
First step is glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
Products of glycolysis move into mitochondria for Krebs
Second step is Krebs Cycle
Third and final step is ETC
Entire process leads to ATP
VIDEO

10. Glycolysis
For 3 minutes, SILENTLY read the “Glycolysis” section in your Student Articles For 1 minute, define the following term in your notes: anaerobic respiration

11. Glycolysis Form of anaerobic respiration (no O2 needed)
Glucose converted to 2 pyruvate molecules
Though 4 ATP are produced, the first part of the process requires 2 ATP to occur
1 glucose  2 net ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate
NADH & pyruvate used in Kreb’s cycle
VIDEO

12. Reading with Kreb Take out a student article.
With your group, take 3 minutes to quietly read the section titled “The Krebs Cycle.”
Answer the following questions (5 minutes):
Where does glycolysis occur and what does it produce?
What is needed, and is made in glycolysis, for Krebs Cycle to occur?
Why is the Krebs Cycle also called the citric acid cycle?
How many NADH, ATP, and FADH2 are produced from two turns of the Krebs cycle?
How many glucose molecules are required for two turns of the Krebs cycle?

13. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Two pyruvate molecules from glycolysis are transported into inner membrane of mitochondria from cytoplasm
To enter into cycle, each pyruvate converts to acetyl CoA, which is starting molecule for Krebs
One Acetyl CoA converts into citrate, which is modified throughout cycle to make 3 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 FADH2

14. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Upon completion of the first round, the 2nd Acetyl CoA is used and the cycle begins again to make more NADH, ATP, & FADH2
Final products: 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH2

15. Reading with the ETC Take out a Student Article
With your group, take 10 minutes to read the section titled “The Electron Transport Chain.” When you complete your reading, take the remainder of the time to WORK AS A TEAM to answer the following questions (pg. 84):
What is the ETC?
Where does this process occur?
What are the two final, important steps in the ETC?
How many ATP are produced during the ETC?

16. Electron Transport Chain
Before ETC, only four ATP have been produced (we need )
ETC makes the remainder of ATP
Occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondria
Proteins (also called e- carriers) are powered by NAD and FADH2

17. Electron Transport Chain
The first protein in the chain accepts e- from NADH and FADH2 and e- pass from protein to protein
As e- are passed down the chain, they release energy which is used to pump H+ through the inner membrane from the matrix
H+ comes from NADH and FADH2 when they release their e-
When H+ accumulates on one side of the membrane, ATP synthase is powered

18. Electron Transport Chain
When ATP synthase is powered, it makes ATP
Oxygen is used at the end of the chain, when e- lose all of their power
Oxygen accepts the e- and H+ to make water (H2O)
This is why we need oxygen
About molecules of ATP are produced during the ETC

19. Solidifying the ETC
With your group members, take 7 minutes to work as a team to answer the following questions (rewrite or restate the questions):
What are the H+ ions used for and where do they go after they’ve been used?
What are the electrons used for, during the ETC, and where do they go after the ETC?
What provides the energy for H+ to be pumped across the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
What provides the energy to power ATP synthase?
Where, specifically, in the mitochondria is ATP made?

20. Glucose -> Pyruvate
Energy Machines (#82)
With your group, take 5 minutes to fill in the bottom half of this page, which is the figure for cellular respiration.
Use the following terms:
NADH (2)
Glycolysis
Glucose -> Pyruvate
Cytoplasm
ATP (3)
Krebs Cycle
FADH2
ETC
Mitochondria

21. Viruses Can Cure, Too What are viruses known for doing?
How are viruses used in the medical field?
How does someone get a genetic disease?
Name three genetic disorders.
How does gene therapy work?
What kind of virus do scientists believe can be used to insert genes into the genome?
Why are scientists hesitant to use viruses for gene therapy?
What do scientists have to do to make sure the virus is safe?
What type of body system can viruses affect?
What type of virus are studied to help cure blindness?