1. Cellular Respiration

2. Chemical Energy Living systems use energy to prevent entropic death:
Grow
Reproduce
Maintain homeostasis

3. Specific Examples: Evolutionary adaptations:
Regulate body temperature (endothermic)
Reproduction (seasonal)

4. Process: Cellular Respiration
Conversion of glucose energy into ATP energy
Occurs in ALL living cells

5. Types of Cellular Respiration
Type 1: Aerobic Respiration
Requires O2
Type 2: Anaerobic Respiration
Does not require O2

6. Structure: Mitochondria
Matrix:
Fluid inside the mitochondrion
Cristae:
Internal membrane in the mitochondrion 6

7. Aerobic Respiration

8. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Chemical process which uses the mitochondria
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP 8

9. Aerobic Cellular Respiration

10. Aerobic Cellular Respiration

11. Glycolysis: Process Glucose breaks down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm
Investment:
small amount of ATP
Products:
small amount of ATP molecules
electron carrier molecules (NADH) 11

12. Krebs Cycle: Process If O2 is present…
Pyruvate breaks down into CO2 and enters the matrix
Products:
small amount of ATP molecules
electron carrier molecules (NADH & FADH2) 12

13. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Process
NADH & FADH2 donate electrons (e-) to cristae
Proteins use e- to pump H+ ions across the membrane
Oxygen accepts e- & H+ transforms into H2O
ATPsynthase uses H+ ions and generate many ATP! 13

14. Energy transfer during Aerobic C.R.
Start with Chemical Energy (Glucose)
Convert to Usable Chemical Energy (many ATP)
Use ATP and release Heat Energy

15. Audio/visual representations
Animation:
ontent/cellularrespiration.html
Rap:

16. Anaerobic Respiration

17. Types of Cellular Respiration
Type 1: Aerobic Respiration
Requires O2 (Very efficient)
Type 2: Anaerobic Respiration
Does not require O2 (inefficient)

18. Evolution of anaerobic respiration
3.5 billion years ago:
Ancient prokaryotes lived without O2
Today:
Prokaryotes don’t have mitochondria
Eukaryotes O2 supply fluctuates

19. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Occurs in 2 steps:
1. Glycolysis (2 ATP)
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
C6H12O6  CH3CHOHCOOH + ATP OR
2. Alcoholic Fermentation
C6H12O6  C2H5OH + CO2 + ATP

20. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvate  Lactic Acid
How bacteria makes yogurt
No ATP

21. Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvate  Ethyl Alcohol
How yeast makes bread
No ATP

22. Audio/visual representations
mentation.swf