1. Europe Goes to War _________ Japan Builds an Empire

2. Warm-up

3. Warm-up

4. Warm-up What terms are missing?

5. Section 1 Review Munich Conference (1938)
Hitler promised that the Sudetenland was all that he wanted
6 months later: occupied western Czech.
1 month later: Italy invaded Albania

6. Invasion of Poland
After invasion of Czech. France & G.B. abandoned policy of appeasement and prepared for war
Warned Hitler if he went any further it would lead to war
France & G.B. pledged support to appeasement
Hitler didn’t believe them

7. Invasion of Poland
1914 – Germany wasn’t ready to fight a war on two fronts
Soviet Union & Germany had always been enemies but, they recognized that they could benefit from combining their forces
Signed a 10-Year Non-aggression Pact
Stalin didn’t believe that Hitler would pursue conquering Soviet Union

8. Non- Aggression Pact

9. Invasion of Poland
Secret document divided Eastern Europe up into Soviet Union territories and German territories
September 1: Hitler invaded Poland
September 3: France & G.B. declared war on Germany

10. Invasion of Poland
France/G.B./Poland: more soldiers & infantry division
Germany: had superior firepower (panzer divisions, machine guns, etc.)
Blitzkrieg: Lightning war – concentrated air and land attack that took enemy by surprise
Imposed German law and imprisoned and murdered Jews
Fr. & G.B. watched unable to help Poland

12. War in the West American press dubbed it the “phony war” Maginot Line
Along France’s border w/Germany
Provided housing for troops, rec. areas, etc.
Thick walls and heavy artillery stood ready to fight an invasion
Problems: border faced Germany – Germany could go through Belgium; Heavy guns pointed east and couldn’t be moved

13. German Attacks April 9,1940: attacked Denmark & Norway
May 10,1940: attacked Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
G.B. & Fr. rushed to Belgium – too late
Have to retreat to Dunkirk braving German Luftwaffe (air force)

14. Fall of France June 10,1940: Fr. gov’t. abandoned Paris
June 10,1940: Italy declared war on Fr. & G.B.
June 14,1940: Germany invaded Paris
June 22,1940: Fr. officially surrendered
Free France: Gov’t. in exile in London; led by Charles de Gaulle
Vichy France: German controlled French gov’t.

17. Battle of Britain
To neutralize the British navy, Hitler used his Luftwaffe to destroy Britain’s air defense
August – September,1940: 1,000 planes rained bombs on Britain
Attacked everything air bases, cities, etc.
RAF – Royal Air Force

18. Japan Build an Empire
Japan forced out of isolationism b/c of westernization
WWI Japan joined allies – conquered German possessions and gained markets
Created 2-party system
Helped found the League of Nations
Signed Kellogg-Briand Pact – condemned war and pledged to handle disagreements peacefully

19. Democracy in Crisis 1920’s recession – depended on foreign markets
High tariffs on Japanese products resulted in industrial decline, massive layoffs, strikes, and widespread political unrest
Blamed multi-party system and rich business owners

20. Rise of Nationalism
Military unrest b/c gov’t. accepted limits on the size of the military
Radical Nationalists demanded a return to traditional ways
End to powerful businesses and Western-style institutions

21. Manchurian Incident Japan lacked raw materials
Manchuria had huge raw material source (coal & ore)
September,1931: Japanese occupied Manchuria
Manchurian Incident: Manchurian gov’t. failed to respond
Puppet State: independent state under control by a powerful neighbor

22. Manchurian Incident

23. Manchurian Incident
U.S. and G.B. protested but, took no action to stop Japan
Violated Kellogg-Briand Pact and United Nations

24. War Against China
Occupied Beijing and Tianjin; threatened Northern China
Chinese Nationalist army, led by Jiang Jieshi, resisted invasion
Japan’s advantage: superior weapons and warplanes

25. Rape of Nanjing
Japanese soldiers brutalized or killed at least 100,000 people
President Roosevelt spoke out against international aggression
Soviet Union aided
China w/arms,
warplanes and military