1. State the cell theory
State the endosymbiotic theory and describe three evidence that prove this theory.
Draw and label the parts of a prokaryotic cell.

2. What is the evolutionary origin of prokaryotes
What is the evolutionary origin of prokaryotes? When did they first appear? How do we know when they first appeared?
What type of data would you look at and collect to prove phylogenic relationship among prokaryotes and between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What are prokaryotes?
If prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles, how are they able to perform cellular respiration, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and breaking down of nutrients?
List 3 common characteristics that all cells have.

3. Describe the biological basis and benefits of using Gram staining.
Explain how the rapid reproduction allows prokaryotes to adapt to different environments.
Explain how genetic recombination allows prokaryotes to adapt to different environments.
Compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea.
Explain the process of conjugation
Explain the process of transduction.

4. List 5 ways that bacteria can use to contribute to the nitrogen cycle.
List 4 ways of bacterial metabolism. Name the energy and carbon source of each.
What are plasmids? What are they used for?
List the layers of the outer covering of a gram + and gram – bacterium.
Describe four ways that bacteria can use to build antibiotic resistance. Why is this disadvantageous for humans?
Explain how bacteria can communicate with each other.