1. Origin of modern humans

2. Origin of modern humans
First remains found in 1868 in limestone cave – Cro-Magnon cave in Southern France

3. Origin of modern humans
First remains found in 1868 in limestone cave – Cro-Magnon cave in Southern France
Dated around 40’000 years however older have been found in Africa

4. Origin of modern humans
First remains found in 1868 in limestone cave – Cro-Magnon cave in Southern France
Dated around 40’000 years however older have been found in Africa
Some found have been dated at ’000 years old = when Neanderthals were dominant. This indicates that Neanderthals could not be our ancestors.

5. Physical characteristics
Main difference between modern humans and Neanderthals – in the skull.

6. Physical characteristics
Main difference between modern humans and Neanderthals – in the skull.
Smaller brow ridges (if there at all), large, steep forehead, no ‘bun’ at the rear of the skull.

7. Physical characteristics
Main difference between modern humans and Neanderthals – in the skull.
Smaller brow ridges (if there at all), large, steep forehead, no ‘bun’ at the rear of the skull.
Prominent chin, jaws and teeth are less robust.

8. Physical characteristics
Main difference between modern humans and Neanderthals – in the skull.
Smaller brow ridges (if there at all), large, steep forehead, no ‘bun’ at the rear of the skull.
Prominent chin, jaws and teeth are less robust.
More slender limbs indicating technology was replacing Neaderthal muscle.

10. Tool technology of modern humans
Stone tools – more finely made, more cutting edge per amount of stone used.

11. Tool technology of modern humans
Stone tools – more finely made, more cutting edge per amount of stone used.
Used bone, antler and ivory – tough and durable, able to be carved
into perforations = made bone needles and fish hooks possible.

12. Tool technology of modern humans
Stone tools – more finely made, more cutting edge per amount of stone used.
Used bone, antler and ivory – tough and durable, able to be carved into perforations = made bone needles and fish hooks possible.
Combined two kinds of material to make composite tools.

13. Tool technology of modern humans
Stone tools – more finely made, more cutting edge per amount of stone used.
Used bone, antler and ivory – tough and durable, able to be carved into perforations = made bone needles and fish hooks possible.
Combined two kinds of material to make composite tools.
Tools were made for the purpose of making other tools.

14. Hunting techniques
Highly efficient hunters – woolly mammoth and other large mammals became extinct around 30’000 years ago.

15. Hunting techniques
Highly efficient hunters – wooly mammoth and other large mammals became extinct around 30’000 years ago.
Eg – bones of thousands of horses have been found at the bottom of a cliff = suggests being stampeded.

16. Improvements in fire use
Discovered how to light fire by striking sparks off iron pyrites. Earliest known ‘firestone’ found in Belgium – found along remains dated 15’000 years old.

17. Improvements in fire use
Discovered how to light fire by striking sparks off iron pyrites. Earliest known ‘firestone’ found in Belgium – found along remains dated 15’000 years old.
Learnt how to create draughts of air for the fire – increasing the temp and possibility of baking clay.

18. Palaeolithic art https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnSq0c7jM-A
Enormous increase of satisfying emotional needs as well as physical needs

19. Palaeolithic art https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnSq0c7jM-A
Enormous increase of satisfying emotional needs as well as physical needs
Shown by cave painting, carved statuettes, beads and ornaments

20. Palaeolithic art https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnSq0c7jM-A
Enormous increase of satisfying emotional needs as well as physical needs
Shown by cave painting, carved statuettes, beads and ornaments
Most pictures depict horses, deer, oxen, bison, and mammoth – all important animals – dated between 15’000 and 30’000 years ago