1. Bellwork
What is the difference between the plasma membrane and the cell wall?

2. 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35
Today’s Objective:
Identify the functions of different cellular parts and organelles.
Can be found in the book: p
2.1 Section Objectives – page 35

3. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Your body contains different structures and organs that each have a specific job.
In the same way, cells have different structures and organelles (tiny organs) that each have their own specific function which helps the cell survive.
Section 3 Summary – page

4. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Cellular Boundaries
• The plasma membrane acts as a selectively permeable membrane that maintains homeostasis.
• All cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic) have a plasma membrane.
Plasma membrane
Section 3 Summary – page

5. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Cellular Boundaries
Bacteria (pro.), Plants (euk.), Fungi (euk.), and Protista (euk.), have an additional boundary.
Cell Wall
Plasma membrane
The cell wall is a fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection.
Section 3 Summary – page

6. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Cellular Boundaries
• The cell wall is not flexible
• It is made of a carbohydrate, cellulose (fiber), which is very porous and is not selective about which molecules can enter into the cell
Cell Wall
Plasma membrane
Section 3 Summary – page

7. Cellular Boundaries

8. DISCUSS WITH YOUR NEIGHBOR (I’M GOING TO RANDOMLY CALL ON SOMEONE)
Cell wall
Question
Inside cell
What is the difference between the cell wall and the plasma membrane?
Outside cell
Plasma membrane
Chapter Assessment

9. SPACE INSIDE THE CELL
Cytoplasm is the clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell.
This is a space in which most organelles move.
It makes up a little more than HALF the volume in a cell.

10. Cell Control Center
The master set of directions for making proteins is contained in DNA.
Prokaryotic cells only have one long strand of DNA
Eukaryotic cells have different amounts of DNA.
When the cell is about to divide, the DNA strands coil up into structures called chromosomes.

11. Cell Control Center
In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is found floating in the cytoplasm….
Nucleus
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found inside the nucleus.

12. Cell Control Center Nucleus
Just as every team needs a leader, the cell needs a leader to give directions.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the leader of the eukaryotic cell because it contains directions to make proteins.
Every part of the cell depends on proteins, so by containing the blueprints to make proteins, the nucleus controls the actions of all the organelles.

13. Assembly, Transport, and Storage
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have tiny organelles called ribosomes.
Ribosomes are the sites where the cell produces proteins according to the directions in the DNA. They are tiny protein factories.
Ribosomes

14. DISCUSS WITH YOUR NEIGHBOR (I’M GOING TO RANDOMLY CALL ON SOMEONE)
Question
Instead of a nucleus, describe the control center for a prokaryotic cell.
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
DNA
Cell wall
Section 3 Check

15. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Assembly, Transport, and Storage
The ER is a highly folded organelle in eukaryotic cells where chemical reactions take place. If you were to unfold the ER, it would take up too much room.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes become attached to ER (called Rough ER) where they carry out protein synthesis.
Section 3 Summary – page

16. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Assembly, Transport, and Storage
The Smooth ER is the site of lipid production in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes do not attach to Smooth ER.
Section 3 Summary – page

17. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Assembly, Transport, and Storage
After proteins are made in eukaryotic cells, they leave the ER and go to another organelle called the
Golgi apparatus
Section 3 Summary – page

18. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Assembly, Transport, and Storage
The Golgi apparatus:
• is shaped like a stack of pancakes pinched in the middle.
• it sorts, packages, and sends proteins to their appropriate destination.
Section 3 Summary – page

19. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Assembly, Transport, and Storage
Vacuoles are membrane-bound spaces used for temporary storage of materials in eukaryotic cells.
Notice the difference between vacuoles in plant and animal cells.
Plant
Cell
Vacuole
Animal
Cell
Section 3 Summary – page

20. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Recycling
Lysosomes are organelles in eukaryotic cells that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Section 3 Summary – page

21. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Energy Transformers
There are two organelles that provide energy in the cell.
Chloroplasts are organelles that capture light energy and produce food to store for a later time in eukaryotic PLANT cells.
Section 3 Summary – page

22. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars.
These sugars are then converted to complex carbohydrates, starches, and stored.

23. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6CO2 + 6H2O→C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon Dioxide Sugar and +
Water
Sugar
and
Oxygen
Sunlight 

24. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Energy Transformers
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cell.
Section 3 Summary – page

25. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
MITOCHONDRIA
Energy Transformer
Mitochondria
are membrane-bound organelles in plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cell.
Section 3 Summary – page

26. Section 9.3 Summary – pages 231-237
Cellular Respiration
The process by which mitochondria release energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen (O2 ).
Section 9.3 Summary – pages

27. It is the reverse process of photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6
6O2 →
6CO2 + 6H2O +
36ATP +
Glucose
Oxygen Gas
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Energy
It is the reverse process of photosynthesis

28. DISCUSS WITH YOUR NEIGHBOR (I’M GOING TO RANDOMLY CALL ON SOMEONE)
Question 6
In what type of cell would you find chlorophyll (green pigment that absorbs light energy)?
A. prokaryote
B. animal
C. plant
D. fungus
Chapter Assessment

29. Answer
The answer is C. Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Chapter Assessment

30. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Support and Locomotion
Cells have a support structure called the cytoskeleton within the cytoplasm.
The cytoskeleton forms a framework for the cell
However, unlike a human skeleton, the cytoskeleton is constantly changing. It can be dismantled in one place, and reassembled somewhere else in the cell, changing the cell’s shape
Section 3 Summary – page

31. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Support and Locomotion
Some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell surfaces have cilia and flagella, which are structures that aid in locomotion or feeding.
Section 3 Summary – page

32. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Support and Locomotion
Cilia
Cilia are short, numerous, hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion.
Section 3 Summary – page

33. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Support and Locomotion
Flagella are long projections that move in a whip-like motion. Flagella and cilia are the major means of locomotion in unicellular organisms.
Flagella
Section 3 Summary – page

34. Section 3 Summary – page 179-187
Reproductive Structures
Centrioles are organelles found in eukaryotic animal cells that play an important role in cell division.
They help pull apart the chromosomes, so each new cell will have an equal amount.
Section 3 Summary – page

35. Question 1 A. act as selectively permeable membrane B. provide support
What is the primary function of the cell wall?
A. act as selectively permeable membrane
B. provide support
C. control activity of organelles
D. acquire nutrients from environment
Section 3 Check

36. Answer
The answer is B. The cell wall is an inflexible, porous barrier that provides support but does not select which molecules can enter the cell.
Section 3 Check

37. Question 3 A. Golgi apparatus B. Ribosome C. Vacuole D. Lysosome
Which of the following structures is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosome
C. Vacuole
D. Lysosome
Section 3 Check

38. Answer
The answer is B. Ribosomes are the sites where the cell produces proteins according to the directions of DNA. They can be attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum or float freely in the cytoplasm.
Section 3 Check

39. Question 4 What is the advantage of having numerous folds in the ER?
A. It enables the ER to lie snugly against the nucleolus.
B. It can create more vesicles.
C. It can capture more light energy with more folds.
D. A large amount of work can be done in a small space.
Section 3 Check

40. Answer
The answer is D. The ER is arranged in a series of folded membranes, which, if spread out, would take up tremendous space.
Section 3 Check

41. Question 8
Which of these structures packages proteins into membrane-bound structures?
A. B.
C. D.
Chapter Assessment

42. Answer
Answer C depicts the Golgi apparatus, which sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles.
Chapter Assessment

43. Question 12
Which of the following structures is found in both plant and animal cells?
A. chloroplast
B. cell wall
C. mitochondria
D. centrioles
Chapter Assessment