1. Wind Power: Energy, Environment, and Economics
ZHE ZHOU

2. Introduction Of Wind Power: Energy, Environment, and Economics1 2
Wind Energy In USA 3
Wind Energy In China
CONTENT 4
Summary

3. Introduction of wind power

4. History of Wind Power

5. Types of Wind Turbines

6. Rotor Blades: Materials

7. Location To Collect Wind Power
Wind turbines do not work with wind speeds under 13 kph, ideal is 22 kph or more 1
Winds stronger near coasts, mountain passes, prairies 2 3
Winds stronger at higher elevation

8. Technological Challenges
Integrating unpredictable energy resources into existing power systems / grids.
Accurate estimation of wind resources
Location, location, location!
Scaling up, scaling down…
Energy storage?

9. Environmental and Social Concerns01
Pollution? Virtually none… What about construction? 02
Birds? Negligible harm compared to other human activity 03
Noise? Wind power noise is far less than most other human activity. Does off-shore wind technology affect marine life? 04
Aesthetics and safety?
Offshore wind farms can reduce aesthetics complaints.
Wind energy has an excellent safety record.
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10. Economics of Wind Power 1
Wind Turbine
Components
Medium-sized turbine:
750 kW (stall-controlled)
Proportion %
Large turbine:
1500 kW (variable-speed controlled)
Rotor Blades
34.0%
21.0%
Rotor hub
Blade bearings
Hydraulic blade-pitch system
Rotor shaft
Rotor bearings with housings
Gearbox
Load-bearing nacelle structure
Yaw drive (including azimuth bearings)
Nacelle fairing
Miscellaneous (rotor brake, clutches, etc.) 2% --
0.8%
2.7%
1.0%
12.5%
8.7%
2.4%
2.0%
5.0%
2.1%
3.1%
4.0%
2.6%
1.7%
13.6%
4.7%
3.4%
1.6%
3.2%
Generator (and inverter for large turbine)
Control system and monitoring equipment
7.5%
10.9%
7.4%
Tower
16.4%
20.7%
Component Costs
100.0%
Assembly (in the factory)
Actual Average EROI: 18
Net energy gain: between 17 and 39

11. Economics of Wind Power 2
6-9 cents / kWh!!!
Tech innovations:
Innovative drive trains
Less than 3 blades
Reducing mass in vertical-axis turbines
Evolution of technology

12. Advantages of Wind Power01
After installation, only cost is maintenance 02
Wind is renewable and free 03
Available everywhere to some extent 04
No pollution
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13. Disadvantages of Wind Power01
Expensive to set up, custom products 02
Wind speed varies a lot
Hard to predict
Not steady, so unreliable
Accurate data absolutely necessary 03
Environmental impact from manufacturing 04
Turbines can require large areas of land
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14. Wind Energy In USA

15. United States Annual Average Wind Power
Source --
Location is critical:
Wind turbines do not work with wind speeds under 13 kph, ideal is 22 kph or more
Winds stronger at higher elevation
Winds stronger near coasts, mountain passes, prairies
Most famous: Altamont Pass, CA with 7500 turbines (in this book at least)

16. United States Wind Power Capacity
Source --

17. Texas Wind Power
Texas is the leader in wind power in the United States (ahead of California!)
18,531 MW installed Until 2016
12.14% of the electricity generated by wind power in the 12 months ending 2016
Horse Hollow Wind Farm
735 MW capacity
47,000 acres
421 total turbines
Source --
Horse Hollow Wind Farm

18. Wind Power In China

19. Annual Average Wind Power of China

20. US vs China Wind Energy Generation

21. Challenge of Wind Energy in China
1、Low energy conversion efficiency
2、Shrinking electricity demand
3、Limited transmission infrastructure to carry the power to population centers
4、A large number of wind turbines are facing to be wasted
5、Animal habitat protection (eg. Tibetan antelope)

22. 1 2 Wind Energy in Tibet Plateau Fragile Ecosystem
Abundant Wind Resources

23. Summary
Economy
Environment

24. QUESTION:
Which one will be the future development direction: increasing energy conversion efficiency or reducing the size of wind turbines?

25. THANK YOU