1. Information TechnologyIT
Information Technology

2. Types of computer Personal computer (PC) Laptop (portable computer)
Main frame computer
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (mobile phone)

3. Personal Computer (PC)
Fast , less expensive and getting cheaper by the day
Typical users: Home user, Doctors , Education

4. Mainframe Computer
Very powerful computer and it often connected to many individual PCs over network
Faster than PCs, used for processing large amounts of data as salaries
Very expensive
Typical Users: Banks and Building societies, Insurance (تامين)

5. Laptop (portable computer)
Laptop as PC in capacity
It is portable computer
Expensive than PC
Typical Users: Business users

6. PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)
Much smaller storage capacity compared to a PC
Small enough to held in the palm of hand
Typical users: Business users

7. Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as mouse, keyboard, monitor, CPU(system case), RAM
Software: is the collection of instruction the make the computer work

8. CPU (central processing unit)
Hardware
CPU (central processing unit)
Is one of the most important components within your computer.
It determine how fast your computer will run and its function is to process data .
Measured by Megahertz-Gigahertz (MHZ-GHZ) (Hertz measure the frequency التردد(

9. RAM (Random Access Memory)
Computer Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Main memory/ Temporary/ volatile
The operating system is loaded into the Ram when the PC is switched on
The contents of Ram disappear when the PC is switched off
The contents of Ram change constantly as the PC is used

10. ROM (Read only memory) Secondary memory / permanent or fixed
It is a chip held on motherboard it contains software that is required to make your computer work with operating system
The contents of Rom are fixed during the manufacture of the PC
You cannot write to this type of memory

11. Main part of computer
Output device
Storage device
Input device

12. Input device Keyboard Mouse - trackball - touch Pad Scanner light pen
Web came
Digital camera
Joysticks
Microphone

13. Output device Output & Input device Monitor
Plotter (more complex drawing )
Speaker
Printer
Output & Input device
Touch screen

14. Storage Capacity Bit Byte = 8 bit Kilobyte = 1024 byte
Megabyte = 1024 kilo byte
Gigabyte = 1024 mega byte
Terabyte = 1024 giga byte

15. Storage Devices Hard disk 40---350Gb fastest at accessing data
Floppy disk 1.44Mb
Slowest at accessing data
Zip disk Mb
CD Mb
Tap Backup Gb

16. Format
Format is a special software(system file) added to unformatted disk so it can store data

17. Backup Copying your computer files onto a separate storage device
Keeping copies of data in two locations

18. Computer performance Free space on Hard disk Capacity of RAM
Speed of CPU
Quality of equipments is installed on PC
Number of application running

19. Software Operating system Application
Sets up the look and feel of your computer interface
Control the hardware and software of your computer
You can run more than one at the same time
This can be used to edit data files

20. Operating system
Collection of instructions That makes the computer work
Types of Operating system/OS
Dos
Windows
Unix
Linux
Mac

21. Operating system main task
Start up the computer
Control all the Hardware
Enable other programs to run
GUI using icons (images) and Menus in windows OS by using mouse

22. Application Software
Word processing [creating letters – faxes – Memos –– producing catalogue containing graphics –business document]
Excel Spreadsheet [Charts – financial projection –working with budgets]
Access database[sort large amount of information – creating list of contact details ]
PowerPoint presentation [create overhead projections slides]

23. Accounting application[produce payroll – Stock controlفحص المخزون]
Web browsing[View web pages]
Multimedia Application [Interactive learning Material and training material]
Desktop publishing[produce a newspaper & magazine layout]

24. System development cycle
The development of computer based systems can include a variety of steps, depending largely on the size and type of the application, but atypical development part includes :
Analysis
Design
Programming
Testing

25. Work group computing
The idea of work group is that group of people working together can share their resources with each other. People within the work group can share information on their hard disk as well as sharing printers modems and scanners
We can share files, disk storages, application, disk spaces

26. Network
Two or more computers connect together and allow PCs to Share information (files), disk storage and resources as (printers).
Network by area
Network by user
Network by connection

27. Network by area LAN WAN local Area Network Wide Area Network
Is system of individual pcs are connecting to gather within company or organization .
Authorized users can access and data stored anywhere on a LAN.
Large data files can be transferred computers using a LAN.
WAN
Wide Area Network
Allows pcs connect to gather over a wide area
Type of network that links computers in different cities or countries

28. Intranet & Extranet Network by users Intranet
An internal internet using and web within a single origination and access members of the same company organization to access it
Extranet
Internet between organizations and allow external users to access it by username and password.

29. Network by connection Internet connection
PSTN: public Switched telephone network شبكه التليفون العامة
ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network
الخدمه التكاملية الرقميه it is a digital line used for both voice and data
ADSL: Asymmetric Digital subscriber line
خط اشتراك رقمي غير متماثل

30. Internet Global collection of networked computers all over the world
A wide Area network of computers linked together
No License is needed to publish material
Providing search for information
Providing service of [Electronic mail]
E-commerce
Note: A network that grew out of the work of the American military

31. Requirements needed to connect to internet
Telephone line
ISP : [Internet service provider]
Modem [14.4Kbps to56.6Kbps] convert digital and analog signals

32. WWW (world wide web) Refers to vast collection of linked documents .
Small part of internet.
A vast collection of linked documents held on computers all over the world .
Can accessed using a web browser.

33. E-commerce (Electronic commerce)
Buy or sell good and services online anywhere in the world .
The consumer rights of the supplier’s country apply.
It’s more difficult to return goods purchased online than goods bought in a shop.
You are at risk from insecure payment methods.

34. Teleworking work at home by using computers.
Greater ability to focus on one task.
Reduce office desk space.
Increase flexibility of working hours.
Need self control.
Makes it harder to socially interact with team members.

35. Computer in every day life
Computer in business
Business Administration ادارة الاعمال
Administer employee payroll ادارة قائمة الرواتب
Track invoices تعقب اوامر الشراء
Manage payment record ادارة سجلات الدفع
Online Banking الصرافة
Check Balance )an accounts ) فحص الميزانيات
Transfer Founds تحويل الاموال
Apply for Loansطلب القروض

36. Airline booking حجز تذاكر الطيران
Check ticket availability فحص التذاكر المتاحة
Purchase ticketsشراء التذاكر
List customers’ dietary needs وضع نظام لحماية العملاء
Check Time Table فحص الجداول الزمنية
Insurance Claims Processing متطلبات عمليات التأمين
Check policy Detailsمراجعة تفاصيل وثيقة التأمين
Provide quotes for premium توفير بيانات عن قيمة الاقساط
Analysis statistics to estimate premiums تحليل الاحصائيات لتقدير أقساط التأمين

37. Computer in government
Public Informationمعلومات عامة
Income tax payment تحصيل ضريبة الدخل
Television license payment جمع اجور ترخيص القنوات الفضائية
Handle social welfare payment form معالجة تنظيم الانتعاش الاجتماعى
Public Record system تسجيل معلومات عامة
Store census record احصاء السكان
Store passport detailتخزين تفاصيل جواز السفر
Vehicle registration listing تسجيل رخص المرور

38. Administration systems أنظمة الأدارة
Public health warning تحذير الصحة العامة
Announce policy documents online اعلان وثائق سياسية
Notify citizens with government decisions اعلان المواطنين بقرارات الحكومة

39. Computers in Education
Computer in Hospital
Patient record system تسجيل المرضى
Providing a medical databaseالتزويد بقاعدة بيانات طبية
Medical History of patient تتبع التاريخ العلاجى
Tracking treatment cost تتبع تكاليف العلاج
Establishing bed availability إحصاء عدد الآسرة
Computers in Education
Student register تسجيل الطلاب
Computer Based Training [CBT] التدريب القائم على الكمبيوتر
Distance learning system نظام التعلم عن بعد

40. Computer & people Computer People Can sort large amount of data
Can carry out complex calculation accurately
People
Customer serviceخدمة العملاء
Taking decisionاتخاذ القرارات
Motivating the staffتحفز فريق العمل

41. Environment, Health& safety
relation between worker and their
environment
Chair: adjustable, able to move up or down
Screen : 1) eyes are at the same height as the top of screen
2) use filter attached to screen to reduce glare (لخفض الاشعاع )
Key board : Use Elbow and wrist support
Feet : use foot pad to rest the feet
Mouse : use mouse mate to make mouse easier
Area is adequately light(اضاءة جيدة ) and good ventilated ( تهوية جيدة )

42. Health Issuesقضايا الصحة
Reduce the risk of repetitive strain injury by Taking frequent breaks from the work.(التقليل من الاصابة بالإجهاد المتكرر )
Reduce the risk of neck, back and shoulder pain, by Using a fully adjustable operator’s chair الحد من مخاطر آلم الرقبة والظهر والكتف))
Environment or good use of computer
Reuse the cartridge toner
Any device is on sleep mode (stand by) will save power
Don’t waste paper
precautions (احتياطات)
Use safety and suitable cable
Power point are not over load and are near to computer
No run cables across open areas
Don’t touching internal parts of the PC

43. Security Password ID (user name) contain letters and number
Change regularly
Ensures that the person logging on is who they say they are
ID (user name)
Must be unique on the network
Identify specific user on the network
Not confidential

44. organization's information منظمه امن المعلومات security policy
PDA (Protect Data Act) قانون حمايه البيانات
Safe guard of individual privacyحماية خصوصية الافراد
Prevent an unauthorized user to access privacy data
Protect the individual’s right to privacyحماية الحقوق الشخصية
Obliges organizations to protect confidential data within their controlيلزم المنظمات بحماية البيانات السرية

45. Copyright legislation قانون حماية الملكية الفكرية
You can’t copy someone’s work and buy it.
Any material purchased on disk is copyright.
Scanned Images & Audio files & Graphics on the web are subject to copyright

46. Freeware & Shareware Freeware freely available
Software You can use it for free , you haven't pay for it
Shareware for trial period
Software you can try it for free but you have to pay if you need to keep it.
It is illegalغير قانونى if you copy and sell it .

47. Virus program damage files or hard disk
Antivirus can detect and disinfect Virus
Good Antivirus
Check virus everyday.
Delete from unknown source.
Putting a virus check in a floppy drive.
Regularly visiting the web sites of your anti virus software supplier.
Running a virus check on an attachment.