1. Simulating the Production of Ethanol
Student Name 1
Student Name 2
Student Name 3

2. Overview
Introduction to Production
Simulation
Results
Conclusion

3. Ethanol Production
Fermenter

4. Fermentation Reaction

5. Chemical Equation
Glucose 2
Carbon Dioxide
Ethanol +
Zymase
+ Heat

6. Developing the System
Based on Mass Balances
And Energy Balance

7. Temperature Dependency
Reaction Rate
Heat

8. Constant Values Variable Symbol Value Reactor Volume V 115,000 L
Concentration of Glucose Entering
CGin
150 g/L
Concentration of Ethanol Entering
CEin
0 g/L
Flow In
Fin
100 L/min
Flow Out
Temperature In
Tin
548 K
Heat Capacity Cp
9 kJ/K
Amount of heat given off/reaction rate β
0.02 kJ
Arrhenius Constant A
1000
Temperature Constant
EA/R
50 K

9. Reactor CO2 CGin, CEin, Tin, Fin Yeast CG, CE, T, F Q V, ρ, CP
Next, state the action step. Make your action step specific, clear and brief. Be sure you can visualize your audience taking the action. If you can’t, they can’t either. Be confident when you state the action step, and you will be more likely to motivate the audience to action.

10. Methods of Solution
MATLAB
Simulink
Laplace Transform using Maple

11. MATLAB Code: Steady State
function conc=ustank(t,solution)
global Tin V Fin Fout CEin Cgin B rho Cp
T=solution(1);
Cg=solution(2);
CE=solution(3);
rate=Cg*10^3*exp(-50/T)
Cgin=150
conc(1,1)=(Tin*Fin*Cp*rho-T*Fout*rho*Cp+B*rate)/(V*rho*Cp);
conc(2,1)=(Cgin*Fin-Cg*Fout-(rate))/V;
conc(3,1)=(CEin*Fin-CE*Fout+0.5*rate)/V;

12. Linear Approximations
Taylor Series Expansion
Approximate Methods:

13. Simulink: Steady State
To close, restate the action step followed by the benefits. Speak with conviction and confidence, and you will sell your ideas.

14. Laplace Transform E’(t) = -0.57e-1*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
+0.22e-1*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t)
-0.17e-55*I*( e54*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
-0.16e55*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t))
e-55*I*(0.63e54*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
+0.16e55*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t))
+0.36e-1*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
+0.14e-1*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t)
-0.17e-55*I*(-0.39e54*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
+0.10e55*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t))
-0.17e-55*I*(0.39e54*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
-0.10e55*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t))
+0.19e-1*exp(-0.75e-3*t)
+0.14e-2*exp(-0.71e-3*t)

15. Step Change
Steady state achieved
Double concentration of glucose

16. MATLAB Code: Step Change
%unit step change function conc=ustank(t,solution) global Tin V Fin Fout CEin Cgin B rho Cp T=solution(1); Cg=solution(2); CE=solution(3); rate=Cg*10^3*exp(-50/T)
if(t>1000)Cgin=300;else Cgin=150;end
conc(1,1)=(Tin*Fin*Cp*rho-T*Fout*rho*Cp+B*rate)/(V*rho*Cp); conc(2,1)=(Cgin*Fin-Cg*Fout-(rate))/V; conc(3,1)=(CEin*Fin-CE*Fout+0.5*rate)/V;

17. Simulink: Step Change

18. Laplace Transform E’(t) = 28+4*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
-17*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t)
+0.12e-63*I*(-0.74e65*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
-0.18e66*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t))
+0.12e-63*I*(0.74e65*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
+0.18e66*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t))
-41*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
-11*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t)
+0.12e-63*I*(-0.49e65*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
+0.18e66*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t))
+0.12e-63*I*(0.49e65*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
-0.18e66*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t))
-26*exp(-0.75e-3*t)-2.0*exp(-0.71e-3*t)

19. Unit Impulse
Steady state achieved
Quadruple concentration of glucose

20. MATLAB Code: Impulse
%impulse response function conc=ustank(t,solution) global Tin V Fin Fout CEin Cgin B rho Cp T=solution(1); Cg=solution(2); CE=solution(3); rate=Cg*10^3*exp(-50/T) if(t>1000&t<1100)Cgin=600;else Cgin=150;end conc(1,1)=(Tin*Fin*Cp*rho-T*Fout*rho*Cp+B*rate)/(V*rho*Cp); conc(2,1)=(Cgin*Fin-Cg*Fout-(rate))/V; conc(3,1)=(CEin*Fin-CE*Fout+0.5*rate)/V;

21. Simulink: Impulse

22. Laplace Transform E’(t) = -0.38e-3*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
+0.15e-3*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t)
-0.12e-57*I*(-0.63e54*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
-0.16e55*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t))
-0.12e-57*I*(0.63e54*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*cos(0.39e-4*t)
+0.16e55*exp(-0.14e-2*t)*sin(0.39e-4*t))
+0.24e-3*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
+0.91e-4*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t)
-0.12e-57*I*(-0.39e54*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
+0.10e55*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t))
-0.12e-57*I*(0.39e54*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*cos(0.82e-4*t)
-0.10e55*exp(-0.90e-3*t)*sin(0.82e-4*t))
+0.13e-3*exp(-0.75e-3*t)
+0.96e-5*exp(-0.71e-3*t)

23. MATLAB Results for Steady State

24. Simulink Results for Steady State

25. Perturbed Steady State Results
Variable
 New
Value 
Achieves Steady State
Peaks
Concentration
(g/L)
Time
(min)
Increase
Reactor
Volume
1,000,000 L
67.79
8500 --
Flow In
1,000 L/min
681.3
9500
Temperature In
800 K
67.9
2000
Decrease
1,150 L 8
10 L/min
6.32
8000
53.66
300
250 K
67.57
950

26. MATLAB Results for Step Change

27. Simulink Results for Step Change

28. Perturbed Step Change Results
Variable
 New Variable
Value 
Achieves Steady State
Peak
Concentration
(g/L)
Time
(min)
Increase
Reactor
Volume
1,000,000 L
135.7
70000 --
Flow In
1,000 L/min
1363
8000
Temperature In
800 K
135.9
7500
Decrease
1,150 L
135.8
1100
10 L/min
12.94
9000
53.66
300
250 K
135.6
7000

29. MATLAB Results for Impulse

30. Expected Simulink Results for Impulse
6000 74
500

31. Perturbed Impulse Results
Variable
New Variable
Value 
Achieves Steady State
Peaks
Concentration
(g/L)
Time
(min)
Increase
Reactor Volume
1,000,000 L
67.8
25000
68.95
5000
Flow In
1,000 L/min
681.4
9000 --
Temperature In
800 K
67.89
6000
80.53
1300
Decrease
1,150 L
1200
271.9
1090
10 L/min
6.32
8000
53.66
300
250 K
67.57
80.92

32. Conclusions MATLAB vs. Simulink Perturbing Inputs Modeling Processes
Linear Approximations
Perturbing Inputs
Modeling Processes

33. Questions?