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The Contemporary Image of Professional Nursing
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Key Concepts Factors contributing to nursing shortage
Image of art, media, literature, and architecture over time Nursing actions that convey a negative image of nursing Strategies to enhance the image of nursing
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Images of Nursing Magazines Television Movies
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The Nursing Shortage Average ages New career opportunities for women
Nursing graduate = 33 years Community college graduate = 44 years By 2015 more than half of U.S. RNs are predicted to retire New career opportunities for women Declining number of students Effect of media images of nurses
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The Nursing Shortage—cont’d
By 2006 the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that jobs for RNs will have increased by 21% in comparison to 14% for all other occupations By 2020 the need for hospital RNs will have increased by 36% Hospitals are competing with medical groups, insurers, and dot-com companies
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Nursing in Art, Literature, and Architecture
Antiquity image of nursing Literature Earliest references are in the Bible; two nurse midwives Art 16th century BC; statuettes portrayed midwives 11th century AD; hospitalers portrayed as soldiers 12th century AD; religious order or person of wealth
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Summary of Images Portrayed
Advocates and protectors Untrained servants Soldiers Respected caregivers
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Victorian Image—Literature
Charles Dickens portrayed Sairy Gamp as drunken and uncaring Henry Longfellow portrayed Florence Nightingale as a heroine
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Florence Nightingale Created a positive image for nursing through her success in improving the health of British soldiers Her work was the beginning of modern nursing Early user of statistics; developed the pie chart
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Early 20th Century Art—Images of war portrayed nurses as dedicated, heroic, and caring Architecture—Nursing school buildings symbolized nurses
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The 1930s—Nurse as Angel of Mercy
Nurse portrayed as the angel of mercy Nurse portrayed as dedicated, heroic, and caring 1936 movie The White Angel chronicled the professional life of Florence Nightingale (endorsed by the American Nurses Association [ANA] in 1992)
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The 1940s—Nurse as Heroine Nurses commemorated as war heroes through movies and stamps U.S. Navy destroyer named for a Navy nurse After World War II, nurses had low salaries and poor working conditions
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Nursing in the Anti-Establishment Era of the 1960s
Media images and art Television — Nurse as background figure to physicians Movies — Nurse as power figure, cruel Canvas — Nurse as worried, angry
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Nurses in the 1960s (Reality)
Served in the forefront of public health Central in development of CCUs and performing hemodialysis First nurse practitioner programs began Salaries inadequate compared with those of other less trained American workers
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Nursing in the Sexual Revolution of the 1970s
Negative media image—Uncaring nurse in Mash Positive media image—African-American nurse in TV series Trapper John, M.D. (important because Louisiana was the last state to admit African-American nurses to the State Nurses Association in 1964)
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Nursing in the 1980s to 1990s Media—Movies portrayed nurses as nonjudgmental, caring, knowledgeable, and heroic Advertisements portrayed nurses as sex objects Art portrayed nurses as caring Architecture portrayed the importance of nursing through impressive buildings for schools of nursing
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The Image of Men in Nursing
Usually absent in the media Movies and television Meet the Parents ER Trauma Life in the ER
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Imagemakers Public roles
Dr. Carolyn Davis, RN—Appointed by President Reagan to head Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Dr. Shirley Chater, RN—Appointed by President Clinton as Commissioner for Social Security Administration
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Imagemakers — cont’d Nurses of America Campaign conveyed to the public that nurses are expert practitioners Goal of the campaign: Make nurses aware of invisibility in the media
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Public Concern With Nursing
Too few RNs Inappropriate use of unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) Honesty and ethics Feminine, nurturing characteristics Knowledgeable, essential Hears nurses’ negative messages Seeks nursing advice
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Reality of Contemporary Staff Nurse
Modern health care institutions exist to offer nursing care Public highly values the profession Nursing’s heroic image is etched in stone, glass, and canvas Surveys indicate one in four nurses plans to leave 40% of nurses would not recommend their practice setting
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Clash Between Beliefs and Reality
Nurses marketed as caring, individualistic, holistic, yet unable to meet patient expectations Patient advocates who cannot fix the system Unrealistic understanding of health care reform
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Nursing Practice Reality
20% to 50% of RNs being replaced with multiskilled, unlicensed workers Nurses doing more with less Patients angry about early discharge Nurse practitioners battling for full acceptance as primary care providers
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Why Is This Happening? Patients are indirectly buying nursing care
Buyers seek to purchase services at lower costs Profession has failed to use power No control over enrollments Fewer than 8% belong to professional organization
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Changing Physicians’ Image of Nursing
Communication Understand the mysteries of medicine Understand the effect of communication patterns on image First name Positioning Allow interruptions
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The Look of Nursing Inappropriate dress Deferential positioning
Wearing nursing uniforms in public places Wearing nonwhite uniforms
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Reclaiming the Name of Nurse
Reserve term nurse for registered nurses Understand the legal scope of practice Avoid first names Increase comfort with proclaiming name, practice, and contributions
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Valuing Nursing Reclaiming the name Reclaiming personal identity
Reclaiming the birthright Reclaiming the practice Changing the song
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Nurses should tell everyone
On a Positive Note Nurses should tell everyone what nurses do well Nurses should confine disagreements and conserve energy for important issues
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Valuing the Future of the Profession
Consider the implications of the “entry into practice” issue How long can nursing justify withholding the benefits of science from patients?
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Creating a New Image Take the role seriously and dress the part
Be highly visible to patients, families, and physicians Avoid negative comments Be active in professional organizations Value caring, health promotion, and health teaching Recognize the value of illness care Supervise UAP to ensure excellent care
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Central Message for All Nurses
Each nurse forms the image of nursing every day
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THANK YOU!
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