1. Energy

2. Objective
Students will be able to explain the difference between renewable energy and non-renewable energy.
Students will be able to describe energy and how we classify it.

4. Energy
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change
Work: the use of force to move an object over a distance
W = F x d
Energy is measured in a unit called Joule (J)

5. Classifying Energy Forms of Energy Renewable/Non-renewable Energy
Mechanical
Thermal
Electromagnetic
Chemical
Nuclear
*Sound
*Electrical
Renewable/Non-renewable Energy
How we classify the source of the forms of energy that we use.

6. Renewable Energy
Energy obtained from resources that naturally replenish.
Energy conversions can be traced back primarily to the sun.
Earth and Moon also allow us to utilize energy.
Examples

7. Solar Energy

8. Wind Energy (Mechanical)

9. Water Power (Mechanical)

10. Biofuel

11. Geothermal

12. Tides

13. Non-Renewable Energy
Energy obtained from a definite amount of material that comes from the ground in solid, liquid, or gas form.
Material is being consumed faster than it is being generated.
Examples:
Petroleum
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear *

14. Fossil Fuel (Mechanical)

15. Natural Gas

16. Nuclear Energy

17. In the news

18. Go ahead and get a laptop unless you plan on using your own device for some research…
Do you think renewable energy should replace non-renewable energy sources?
Reflect on this as you're logging in.

20. Renewable/Non-Renewable Energy
Energy obtained from resources that naturally replenish.
Energy conversions can be traced back primarily to the sun.
Examples
Electromagnetic (solar)
Wind
Water
Geothermal
Biofuel
Non-Renewable
Energy obtained from a definite amount of material that comes from the ground in solid, liquid, or gas form.
Material is being consumed faster than it is being generated.
Examples:
Petroleum
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear *

21. Renewable Energy vs. Nonrenewable Energy
Skim through the websites below (and/or others you find) and create an argument that includes two pros and two cons for the following prompt:
Do you think we should continue to invest in creating and improving technologies that make renewable energy sources more efficient or should we continue to use non-renewable energy sources with renewable energy sources as just a support?

22. Energy Source Research
What are two main sources of electricity generation for Southwest Idaho?
Is this surprising?
Opinion
Why do you think companies continue to rely on non-renewable fuels as sources of energy?
Click on the “about us” tab

23. Choose a local example of source of renewable energy (any of the hydroelectric dams on the Boise, Payette, Owyhee, snake or Columbia rivers, wind farms operated in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon, solar power startups in the treasure valley, or how we harvest wood for heating.harvest wood for heating)
Answer the following questions about the source of energy you chose.
Name of the source of energy production. (e.g. Brownlee dam, Swan Falls dam, Goshen Wind Farm, Boise National Forest)
How is energy produced?
How is energy delivered to people?
When was it built/developed? Who operates/manages it now?
What environmental impact does the structure have on the ecosystem (include a citation for this)
What is the prognosis for this structure to continue to provide energy?

24. Energy Source Research
Yesterday the last question on the assignment asked your opinion of how we produce electricity.
Today
To finish the research
Renewable Energy
2 pros and 2 cons
Supported by evidence.
Non-Renewable Energy
*Include URL’s if you get information from a website.
If the URL is excessively long, just give me the parent website.
**If you're really struggling, check the website and open the document that says, “Energy pros and cons sources”.**
**We need to make sure the laptops are put in their assigned location**

25. Research Assignment

26. Need shoes
PE????

27. Notes/Info
Use any source you have access to (books, phones, tablets, etc.) and answer the following questions. Keep these answers in your notes as we will go over them in the coming days.
What is thermal energy?
What is heat?
How is friction related to thermal energy?
How is heat measured?
How is kinetic energy related to thermal energy?
How can thermal energy be transferred? (three ways)

28. Law of Conservation of Energy
Obj:
-Students will understand the LoCE.
-Students will be able to describe thermal energy.

30. LofCE Law of Conservation of Energy
The total amount of energy put into a system will remain the same over time
What is put in is what we get as a result
As a consequence energy is neither created nor destroyed, but transferred from one form to another…
Chemical energy you eat in the form of food transformed into kinetic, potential, and thermal energy that your body uses to function.
Honors: why are perpetual motion machines not possible?

31. Thermal Energy The energy from the movement of particles in matter.
-what we perceive as heat!
Heat is the flow of energy from an object of higher temperature to an object of lower temperature.
Temperature is measure of the kinetic energy of particles.
the more the particles move, the more energy they have.
States of matter are an example:
solid, liquid, gas, plasma

32. Things to think about
clouds
pyrocumulous clouds
thermal expansion in states of matter
lava lamp
graphite conduction
Google “Phet”
Choose physics and “Energy skate park”

35. Thermal Energy Cont. Transfer
thermal energy can be transferred in three ways.
Thermal Conduction: the transfer of energy from a place of higher energy to a place of lower energy.
results from close proximity of particles.
Convection: the movement of particles that causes displacement of particles with lower energy.
Radiation: the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.

36. Thermal Energy

37. Insulators and Conductors
Material that inhibits the transfer of energy between molecules.
Plastics (polymers)
Organics (wood)
Ceramics
Conductor
Material that allows energy to easily be transferred between molecules.
Metals
Some liquids

38. Conduction Energy Lab
Testing materials to determine which is the best conductor.
In addition to determining which materials are conductors and insulators, we will also look for electrical resistance.
Google “Phet”
Choose physics and “Energy skate park”

39. Quiz Review Describe energy Describe work
What is renewable energy? What is non-renewable energy?
What are three examples of both renewable and non-renewable energy?
Describe thermal energy.
What is temperature?
Describe thermal conduction, convection, and radiation.
What is a conductor? What is an insulator?
What is the law of conservation of energy? Why is it important?
What are three examples of energy transfer?
What are three things you should do before you start a lab?
Why is it important to be safe in the lab?

40. Lab on Friday
This week we will have a lab where we do one of two things:
Measure and graph the temperature of a liquid as it increases in temperature from near 0 C
Measure and graph the temperature of a liquid as it decreases in temperature from 80 C.
Your task: In a group of 5 or less, create a proposal of how you would insulate a stryrofoam cup so that there is no energy loss or gain.
How can you insulate your container to help maintain the temperature of your liquid over time?
You will have minimal time in class to construct your insulated cup, so how do you plan to manage your time?
You will need to take at least 15 temperature readings for your solution. What will be the most efficient way to keep track of your data and graph your data?
What kind of data display do you think will be best for your data?

41. Lab
This week we will have a lab where we do two things:
Measure and graph the temperature of a liquid as it increases in temperature from near 0 C
Measure and graph the temperature of a liquid as it decreases in temperature from 50 C.
Your task:
Using the graduated cylinder on the projector cart, obtain room temperature solution. (60ml)
Put it in your beaker to be heated.
Back at your lab table, set the beaker on your hotplate THEN turn it on to 250C.
At this point you need to be wearing goggles.
Using the graduated cylinder at the lower table, obtain 60ml of the solution that is near 0 C.
Split that amount between your Styrofoam and plastic cup. (30ml each)
Using your thermometers, record temperatures of each for 15 minutes. Graph your results.
WHILE YOU ARE RECORDING YOUR COLD TEMPERATURES BE HEATING YOUR ROOM TEMPERATURE SOLUTION TO 50 C!
Immediately after you have finished your cold solution temperature recording, pull the thermometers out so they can acclimate for at least one minute, then start your warm solution recording.
What we are measuring with these two exercises:
The rate that temperature increases
The rate that temperature decreases
The difference between a material that is designed to insulate and a material that is not.

43. Mechanical energy Obj:
-Students will know how to calculate KE and PE energy.
-Students will be able to describe KE and PE.

44. Mechanical energy
Ultimately the generation of most electricity is the result of energy conversions to mechanical energy.
The conversions of how that energy was harnessed and converted can involve multiple steps. (Most energy can be traced back to the sun)
Kinetic and Potential

45. Mechanical Energy

46. Mechanical Energy Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy is the name given kinetic energy and potential energy
Potential Energy
Energy an object has because position.
This type of energy is influenced by gravity, mass, and height. (also composition)
when these components change potential energy also changes
Formula: PE = m . g . h
where m = mass, g = gravity constant (9.8m/s2), and h= height
**There are other forms of potential energy, but we are just going to focus on gravitational for now.**

47. Mechanical Energy Kinetic Energy Formula: KE = ½ mv2
The extra energy an object has due to its motion and mass.
The work needed to accelerate an object of mass.
Kinetic energy will remain the same until another force acts upon it. (such as…?)
Formula: KE = ½ mv2
Where m = mass and v = velocity
Remember…there is an exponent in that equation, it must be calculated first.
Calculating velocity: a bowling ball travels 25m in 3.8s. What is the average velocity of the bowling ball?

48. https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/new
Practice
Jordan was running to catch his parents before they drove down the street and left him without any lunch money. He has a mass of 75 kg and is moving at a velocity of 8.9m/s. What is his kinetic energy?
Alex wanted to know how much Potential Energy the bowling ball has when she holds it 2m from the ground. Calculate the Potential Energy of the bowling ball if it has a mass of 6.1kg.   
3. While practicing his marksmanship south of Boise, Chris fired a bullet from his rifle. The bullet has a mass of .008 kg and a velocity of 500 m/s. What is the Kinetic Energy of the bullet?
4. Alyssa was standing on top of SMS holding a cinder block that had a mass of 13kg. She wants to know what the potential energy the cinder block has when she holds it over the edge of the building. The height of SMS is 14m. What is the Potential Energy of the cinder block?

50. Honors
Parker wants to find out how quickly he can propel an object off a lever if he drops his book on the other end. His book has a mass of 5.8 kilograms and hits the lever with a velocity of 1.80 meters per second. What is the KE of the book?
Kenzie is playing softball. She wants to know how much energy her ball has when it is hit off a tee at 27 meters per second. The ball has a mass of .3 kilograms. What is the KE of the ball?   
3. Micah is holding basketball 1.53 meters from the ground. How much PE does the ball have if the ball has a mass of 0.31 kilograms?
4. Dan is driving his pick-up on the highway at 30.7 meters per second. His truck has a mass of kilograms, what is the KE of his pick-up?
5. Elaina was holding a football to throw to Katie who was 34.8 meters away. The ball is 1.5 meters above the ground and has a mass of .5 kilograms. What is the PE of the ball before it is thrown?
Bryce threw the football 19.2m/s. The football was released 1.8 meters off the ground and has a mass of 0.43kg. What is the KE of the ball when it is caught by Sam?
7. Nicole threw a football to Jake at a velocity of 20m/s. The ball has a mass of 1.13kg and is 1.37m off the ground. What was the PE of the ball before it is thrown?
Bryson was traveling on his skateboard after school yesterday. He has a mass of 60.67kg and was traveling at 9.1m/s. What was Bryson’s KE while at that velocity?
**Include one problem for KE and one problem for PE that you came up with on your own.

51. Mr. Smith wants to find out how quickly he can propel an object off a lever if he drops his book on the other end. His book has a mass of 5.8 kilograms and hits the lever with a velocity of 1.80 meters per second. What is the Kinetic Energy of the book?
Kenzie is playing baseball. He wants to know how much energy his ball has when it is hit off a tee at 27 meters per second. The ball has a mass of .3 kilograms. What is the ball’s Kinetic Energy?   
3. Micah is holding basketball 2.78 meters from the ground. How much Potential Energy does the ball have if the ball has a mass of 1.5 kilograms?
4. Dan is driving his pick-up on the highway at 30 meters per second. His truck has a mass of kilograms, what is the Kinetic Energy of his pick-up?
5. Elaina was holding a football to throw to Katie who was 34.8 meters away. The ball is 1.5 meters above the ground and has a mass of .5 kilograms. What is the Potential Energy of the ball before it is thrown?
Bryce threw the football 19m/s. The football has a mass of 0.43kg. What is the Kinetic Energy of the ball when it is caught by Sam?
7. Nicole threw a football to Jake at a velocity of 20m/s. The ball has a mass of 1kg. What was the Kinetic Energy of the ball when she caught it?
Bryson was traveling on his skateboard after school yesterday. He has a mass of 60kg and was traveling at 9m/s. What was Bryson’s Kinetic Energy while at that velocity?
**Include one problem for KE and one problem for PE that you create with on your own.

52. Simulations
Phet—20mins

53. Check Questions
What is the ultimate source of energy for the surface of the Earth?
Do you think food is a source of renewable energy?
In your own words, how would you describe fossil fuel?
A hydroelectric power plant produces electricity. What two types of energy are responsible for this?
Describe renewable energy.
Describe non-renewable energy.
What is kinetic energy?
What is potential energy?

54. Objective Students will be able to describe thermal energy
Students will know the difference between a calorie and a joule.

55. Objective
-Students will be able to describe the seven types of electromagnetic radiation (EM Energy)

56. Activity
In small groups, discuss what you think electromagnetic energy (EM) is. (Do not use a resource to help your answer.)
What is/are the source(s)?
What is EM energy made up of?
Is there only one type?

57. Time Turbine Lab Missing Work—get it in Phet simulations
Research Questions
Plan
Sketch
Data
Post-Write
Missing Work—get it in
Phet simulations
Light and Optics

58. Electromagnetic Energy
Electromagnetic Energy—(EM Energy)
AKA electromagnetic radiation…Light!
a wave of energy that has a magnetic field and an electric field perpendicular to each other.
Wavelength: the distance between two repeating patterns of a wave motion (lambda).
Frequency: measurement of how often something occurs in a time interval.
Oscillation: back and forth vibrating motion of a wave.

59. Electromagnetic Wave Trough: Crest: Amplitude
The lowest point on a wave
Crest:
The top of a wave
Amplitude
Half the distance of the total wave height

61. Types of EM energy From most energy to least. -Gamma -X-Ray
-Ultraviolet
-Visible Light
-Infrared
-Microwave
-Radio

62. Gamma

63. X-Ray

64. Ultraviolet

65. Visible Light

66. Infrared

67. Microwave

68. Radio Waves

69. Electromagnetic Energy Research

70. Fact Check How do we find the wavelength of a wave?
What is the Highest point of a wave called? Lowest point?
What is the back and forth motion of a wave called?
How many types of EM radiation are there?
What part of the EM spectrum do cell phones and wireless internet routers use?
What is an example of something that operates in or uses each classification of EM energy?

71. Discussion Timeline Discussion
Last questions
In small groups, come up with examples or uses of the seven classifications of EM energy.

75. Time
If you didn’t finish the Electromagnetic Energy timeline, you can have time to do so.
If you did finish the timeline, you can have time to work through your quiz review questions.
Remember that your quiz is tomorrow
Energy, Work, Renewable and Non-renewable Energy, Mechanical Energy.
This is our first assessment grade and will be the only grade in before conferences next week.

76. EM Spectrum Include: Wavelength Distance Types of EM Radiation
Wave representing wavelength
An object that is of similar size to each type of radiation
Show color spectrum!
List at least 2 items that emit or use each part of the EM spectrum

77. Obj: -Students will be able to describe sound.
Sound Energy
Obj:
-Students will be able to describe sound.

78. Waves and Sound Waves Transverse
waves that travel in an up and down motion.
Longitudinal
waves that travel through compressing a media and then expanding

79. Demos http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/wave-on-a-string -spring
-machine

83. Sound Sound is a wave that moves through a material
media can be a gas, liquid, or solid
We perceive sound through hearing because of the vibration of molecules as the wave moves through them.
Vibration implies motion (kinetic energy)
Doppler Effect
Named after an Austrian scientist named Christian Doppler
Described that pitch changes as a sound source is moved rapidly toward or away from a listener
think of an ambulance siren
also can be applied to EM energy

84. Doppler Effect

85. Sound Research
By now, we should know that sound is a longitudinal wave. Using the Ipods or your own device, please answer the following and provide evidence when requested.
Does a sound wave travel faster through a solid, liquid, or gas? Provide a website or article to support your claim.
How does frequency affect sound?
What is a decibel? How is it quantified? Provide a website or article to support your claim.
Does the speed of a sound wave ever change in a gas? What is the speed of a sound wave? Provide a website or article to support your claim.
Describe at least three ways sound is used in technology.
Provide the three descriptions as well as a website or article that supports your claim.

86. Waves Wrap Up This week… Types of waves Parts of a wave
Electromagnetic vs. Mechanical
Transverse
Longitudinal
Parts of a wave
Crest, Trough, Amplitude, Oscillation, Frequency, Wavelength
Phet
Wave Examples
P and S waves

87. Quiz Review Questions
What are the classifications of electromagnetic energy?
What is a wave?
What is frequency, amplitude, oscillation, wavelength, crest, and trough?
What happens to the energy of a wave when the frequency of a wave increases? What happens when it decreases?
What is the difference between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves?
There are two types of mechanical waves, what are they and how do they travel?
What is the Doppler Effect?
What is sound?
Why is chemical energy considered a form of potential energy?
Where does chemical energy come from?
Atoms remain unchanged during a chemical reaction (ignore ion formation for now), what is it that does change during a chemical reaction?
How are potential and kinetic energy different? (There will be at least one calculation on the quiz.)
What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy?

89. Chemical Energy Objective:
Students will understand that chemical energy is the result of the potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of a material.

91. Chemical Energy
Energy that is stored within the chemical composition of matter
A form of potential energy
Amount of energy is dependent on the arrangement of the atoms within a substance and the chemical bonds associated with that substance
Molecules with double or triple covalent bonds have more energy associated with them (more about this in the spring)
Conversion
When chemical energy is used, it is usually converted into heat or mechanical energy
Always results from a chemical reaction!

92. Chemical Energy Cont. Chemical energy is less visible
Obvious exceptions exist: i.e. firecrackers
When chemical bonds are broken energy is released and new substances are formed.
When atoms of molecules are rearranged they undergo chemical changes and release energy.
Atoms are not altered, only molecules.

93. Measuring Heat Calorie Joule
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius.
Also know as specific heat
Specific heat of most materials is different, that’s why some materials can absorb more energy than others
Not the same as a food calorie
1 food calorie is equal to 1,000 heat calories
Joule
The standard SI unit in which energy is measured
1 calorie is equal to 4.18 Joules

94. Chemical Energy

96. Tomorrow
Calorie Lab

97. Looking Ahead…
If you need to finish the assignment from yesterday, please do…if you’re done….
You might check out these vocabulary terms from the science book, laptop, or your own device.
Electron
Covalent Bond
Atom
Molecule
Ask yourself how do each of these relate to chemical energy?
If you finish please make sure you have any other assignments completed.

98. Objective
Students will know the difference between chemical energy and nuclear energy

99. NO LAPTOPS

101. Nuclear Energy Force that holds nuclear particles together.
neutron, proton, electron
Nuclear Fission
when an atom splits apart to form two smaller nuclei, energy is released.
Ex. He split apart to form H (doesn’t happen)
Nuclear Fusion
When atoms are fused together energy is released.
Ex. H fused to form He

103. Videos
Examples…

104. Vocabulary Look up the following terms in your science book:
Proton
Neutron
Isotope
Radioactive Decay
How is chemical energy different than nuclear energy?

105. Objective
Students will be able to describe the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

106. Don’t Login

107. Fission and Fusion Fission Fusion fission means to divide
the process of splitting a nucleus into two nuclei with smaller masses
Fusion
the combining of two nuclei with smaller masses into one nucleus with a larger mass
for fusion to take place extremely high temperatures are needed, these reactions are called thermonuclear reactions
Process that drives fuels stars.

108. Fission and Fusion Fission Fusion
Fusion

109. Nuclear Energy Cont… Radioactive decay (nuclear fission)
The decay of an atom of one element to form another element
These elements emit either particles or radiation
Half Life
the length of time after which there is a 50% of the initial material of an atom gone because of nuclear decay.
It varies depending on the atom type and isotope, and is usually determined experimentally.
Applications of nuclear energy
Power plants
Weapons
Medicine

110. Tomorrow and Next Week Nuclear Energy Research Energy Unit Assessment
Looking into some of the disasters involving nuclear energy over the past few decades.
Energy Unit Assessment
Review is posted online

112. Transformers Questions
*Disclaimer: Transformers and their source of energy are not real.
Review in your group the five types of energy we have been discussing for the past 3 weeks. (3mins)
As a group, classify the type of energy the cube might give off.
Listen for clues in the video clip.
Video clip
You need to be able to defend your group decision by offering your reason why you chose your answer.
Present to the class.