1. American Revolution
Unit 3

2. Causes of the American Revolution

3. King George III King of England during the American Revolution
Aggressive behavior towards the colonies
He struggled to enforce royal authority throughout his reign

4. Mercantilism Practiced by KG3
KG3’s England got richer off the colonies
The colonies were the source of raw materials for the “mother country.”
The colonies are expected to purchase the manufactured goods from the “mother country.”

5. NO VOICE in Parliament
Colonists were upset with taxation by Parliament.
WHY?
The colonists had no representation in Parliament.

6. French & Indian War Conflict over Ohio River Valley fur trade
French Vs. Great Britain (both with Indian Allies)

7. Treaty of Paris – 1763
French allowed to keep sugar producing islands in West Indies
Great Britain has huge war debt but gains lands from Appalachian Mts. To Mississippi River and Canada
Spain receives French lands west of the Mississippi River & the port of New Orleans

8. The Result of the French & Indian War?
HUGE AMOUNT OF DEBT

9. Who will pay for the French & Indian War Debt?
KG3 makes colonists pay off the war debt through taxes.
Colonists get angry and resent KG3 even more.
Tensions build!!

10. Proclamation of 1763
KG3 told colonists they were forbidden to settle in the west
Appalachian Mts.- buffer zone between Indians and colonists
Colonists wanted to settle in the Ohio River Valley

11. Civil Disobedience
ignoring the policies and government when laws are considered unjust
non-violent actions such as:
boycotts
protests
refusal to pay taxes

12. Sugar Act
KG3 lowered the cost of sugar to prevent smuggling into the colonies.
Colonists BOYCOTTED the act.
KG3 removed Sugar Act because of BOYCOTT.

13. Stamp Act
All legal documents have an official stamp showing the document had been paid for.
This revenue is to help pay off French & Indian War.
Colonists riot, Stamp Act repealed and the Stamp Act Congress is formed.

14. Sons of Liberty Led by Samuel Adams
Purpose of the Sons of Liberty was to protest on behalf of the colonists
Their motto was “taxation without representation.”

15. “Give me liberty or give me death!”
Patrick Henry
Spoke against the Stamp Act
Famous quote:
“Give me liberty or give me death!”

16. Haym Salomon Jewish immigrant to America
Arrested by the British for being a spy
Used by the British as an interpreter with their German troops
Helped British prisoners escape & encouraged Germans to desert the British Army

17. Townshend Acts - 1767 Tax on paper, paint, tea, lead and glass
Colonists BOYCOTT again!
BOYCOTT hurts British merchants

18. Causes of the American Revolution

19. Boston Massacre - March, 1770
Red Coats vs. Colonists in Boston
Tensions over the taxes imposed to pay off French & Indian War debt
Confusion started the scuffle
British fired on “unarmed” colonists
5 colonists die - including Crispus Attucks

20. Crispus Attucks African American
First casualty of the American Revolution
He was shot and killed during the Boston Massacre

21. The Boston Massacre

22. Paul Revere’s Engraving Boston Massacre

23. Paul Revere’s Engraving
propaganda to persuade the colonist to leave the king

24. Repeal of the Townshend Acts
April 1770
Tax on tea remained

25. No More King

26. Tea Act - 1773 Benefitted British East India Tea Company
Allowed the company to bypass COLONIAL merchants and sell directly to shops
This hurts the colonial merchants & another way to crush their liberties

27. Boston Tea Party
Protest led by Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act
Colonial reaction to taxation without representation

28. Intolerable Act (Coercive Act) - 1774
KG3’s reaction to the Boston Tea Party
KG3 closed the port of Boston
KG3 Banned town meetings (self-government)

29. KG3 sends troops into Boston
Bostonians forced to QUARTER soldiers in their homes (3rd amendment)
MORE boycotts & Continental Congress convenes

30. The Tea Act & The Boston Tea Party

31. 1st Continental Congress
Drafted a list of grievances
Colonists started forming militias/ minute men

32. Colonial Grievances Taxation without representation
King has absolute power
Colonists not allowed to speak against KG3
Quartering Act
Allowed homes to be searched without warrant
No trial by jury of peers

33. Patriots & Loyalists Patriots -
those supporting freedom from KG3 and Great Britain
Loyalists -
those remaining loyal to KG3 during the American Revolution

34. Paul Revere & William Dawes - April 1775
Warned that the British are on their way to Concord to capture the arsenal.
This would be bad because that is were the colonists were storing their weapons.
“The regulars are out, the regulars are out.”

35. Wentworth Cheswell African American patriot
warned his community that the British were coming

36. The American Revolution
Events Surrounding
The American Revolution

37. Shot Heard Around the World

38. Lexington & Concord - April 19, 1775
“Shot heard round the world”
First battles of the American Revolution
British soldiers vs. Colonial minutemen at Concord, Massachusetts

39. General William Prescott
Bunker Hill - June 1775
“Don’t shoot ‘til ya see the whites of their eyes.”
General William Prescott

40. Thomas Paine Common Sense published in January 1776
He said it was “Common Sense” to stop following the “royal brute.”

41. Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776
stated grievances and colonists desire for independence from KG3.
written by Thomas Jefferson

42. “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”
Unalienable Rights
fundamental rights guaranteed to the people naturally because we are people - instead of guaranteed by law
“life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”
John Locke

43. Abigail Adams
wife of John Adams, who served on the Continental Congress
“Remember the ladies”

44. John Trumball
painting of the signing of The Declaration was commissioned in 1817.

45. John Trumball’s Signing of the Declaration

46. 2nd Continental Congress
prepares for freedom by creating the 1st constitution called “The Articles of Confederation”

47. George Washington delegate at the 1st & 2nd Continental Congress
Commander & Chief of Continental Army

48. Molly Ludwig Hayes
brought supplies to the soldiers on the battlefield
took over husbands cannon when he collapsed at Battle of Monmouth

49. Deborah Sampson disguised as a man
fought for 18 months during the revolution

50. Molly Pitcher
Woman who took water to soldiers during battle became known as “Molly Pitchers.”
The water was used to drink and cool cannons down.

51. Molly Pitcher

52. Other “Molly Pitchers”
Martha Washington
Catherine Littlefield Greene

53. Mercy Otis Warren & Anne Bradstreet
used poetry to influence people to support independence

54. Phillis Wheatley first published African American woman
taught to read and write by slaveholder’s daughter

55. Esther De Berdt fundraiser during American Revolution
raised $300,000 for Patriots
used money to buy linen
helped sew 2,220 shirts for the soldiers

56. Poor Richard

57. Poor Richard’s Almanac
written by Benjamin Franklin
Best seller during the 1700’s
Contained:
tips for farmers
household tips
a calendar
wise sayings

58. Battle of Saratoga -1777
turning point of American Revolution because the French, led by Marquis de Lafayette give their support to the Patriots cause
Wentworth Cheswell - African American who fought at this battle

59. James Armistead enslaved African American
recruited by Marquis de Lafayette to be a spy for Continental Army
posed as a double agent
got vital information on British troops that contributed to the victory at Yorktown

60. Valley Forge, Pennsylvania

61. Valley Forge
Washington took men to Valley Forge for the winter to train them.
Goal: turn them into a professional army instead of militias
Men suffered harsh conditions, frostbite and starvation
Trained by Baron Von Steuben

62. Serapis Vs. Bonhomme Richard
John Paul Jones captained the Bonhomme Richard
Serapis asked him to surrender after many hours of fighting
“I have not yet begun to fight.”

63. “I have not yet begun to fight”
John Paul Jones
“I have not yet begun to fight”
Credited with starting the Navy

64. John Paul Jones

65. Battle of Yorktown - 1781 KG3 thinks war is costing too much!
General Cornwallis surrenders
Colonists WON their independence

66. Battle of Yorktown

67. Treaty of Paris - 1783 independence is recognized
U.S. boundaries set at:
Canada to the North
Mississippi River to the west
Florida to the south