1. Organic Compounds
Unit 1 Biochemistry

2. What is organic chemistry?
The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON
Natural elements: make up 96% of the mass of a human: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (CHON)
Trace elements: only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”:

3. What is a macromolecule?
A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS
Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS
formed by polymerization

4. 4 types of Macromolecules:
NUCLEIC ACIDS
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
PROTEINS

5. CARBOHYDRATES Monomer: simple sugar (glucose)
Polymer: Starches (cellulose)
Function: main source of energy for respiration, use by plants for energy storage
Examples: Monosaccharide, disaccharide, glucose, lactose, fructose, potatoes, pasta, bread, grains, sucrose

6. LIPIDS Monomer: Fatty Acid Polymer: Triglycerides, oil, waxes
Function: store energy, insulation, protection, waterproofing, form membranes
Examples: cheese, whole milk, fried food
Usually not soluble in water
Saturated: has maximum number of H bonds, usually solid at room temperature
Unsaturated: at least one double bond, usually liquid at room temperature

7. PROTEINS Monomer: amino acids (only 20 on entire planet!)
Polymer: enzymes, hormones, muscle
Function: form muscles, structure of hair, hormones
Examples: meat, nuts, beans
Large variety of sizes & shapes
If the shape changes (by heat), it becomes a new protein
Ex: hard boiled egg vs. raw egg

8. Nucleic Acids Monomer: nucleotides Polymer: DNA & RNA
Function: Store and transmit genetic information, produce new cell parts
Examples: DNA & RNA

9. Nucleotide O O=P-O N CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group 5
Nitrogenous base
(A, G, C, or T)
CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5
Sugar
(deoxyribose)

10. Organic Cut-Out Activity
I should be able to look at it and see that you understand the difference in a monomer & polymer.
Each of the 4 macromolecule sections should be clearly different.
Boxes should be complete.
Write things in if needed.
More points for color and creativity.
There is no perfect way to do this. There is an incorrect and a correct way to do it.
Make yourself an envelope with staples to keep up with pieces.
Pick up your trash.