1. Chapter 4
Emotions
and
Moods

2. Content: What are emotions? What are affects? And how they affect OB.
Differentiate emotions & moods.
Are emotions rational? Positives and negatives.
Sources of each of the two.
Affective events theory (AET)
OB Applications
Emotional intelligence & Emotional quotient (EQ)
Issues and other external factors.
Quick question
Conclusion

3. Emotions (1)
‘ Time cools, time clarifies; no mood can be maintained quiet un-altered’ Mark Twain.
No organization can be emotion-free.
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4. Emotions (2)- What are they?
Affect A broad range of emotions that people experience.
Emotions Intense feelings that are directed at someone or something.
Moods Feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.
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5. Differences between moods, effects and emotions

6. Mood as Positive and Negative Affect
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7. SOURCES OF EMOTIONS AND MOODS
Personality
Day and Time of the Week
NOT Weather
Stress
Social Activities
Sleep
Exercise
Age
Gender
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8. Positive Moods are Highest At the End of the Week
In the Middle Part of the Day
Negative Moods are Highest
At the Beginning of the Week
And, show little variation throughout the day
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9. Gender and Emotions Women Men Can show greater emotional expression.
Experience emotions more intensely.
Display emotions more frequently.
Are more comfortable in expressing emotions.
Are better at reading others’ emotions.
Men
Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with the male image.
Are innately less able to read and to identify with others’ emotions.
Have less need to seek social approval by showing positive emotions.
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10. External Constraints on Emotions
Organizational Influences
Cultural Influences
Individual Emotions
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11. Felt versus Displayed Emotions
Felt Emotions
An individual’s actual emotions.
Displayed Emotions
Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job.
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12. Note: Higher emotional labor = more highly paid jobs (with high cognitive requirements)
Internals (Internal locus of control) Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them.
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13. Affective Events Theory (AET)
Emotions are negative or positive responses to a work environment event.
Personality and mood determine the intensity of the emotional response.
Emotions can influence a broad range of work performance and job satisfaction variables.
Implications of the theory:
Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles.
Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction.
Emotional fluctuations create variations in job satisfaction and performance.
Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and reduce job performance.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Affective Events Theory (AET)
Source: Based on N.M. Ashkanasy and C.S. Daus, “Emotion in the Workplace: The New Challenge for Managers,” Academy of Management Executive, February 2002, p. 77.
E X H I B I T 8–6
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15. Emotional Intelligence & Emotional Quotient
Self-awareness (know how you feel)
Self-management (manage your emotions and impulses)
Self-motivation (can motivate yourself & persist)
Empathy (sense & understand what others feel)
Social Skills (can handle the emotions of others)
Emotional quotient is
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16. OB Applications Emotions and Selection Decision Making Creativity
Emotions affect employee effectiveness.
Decision Making
Emotions are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations.
Creativity
Positive mood increases creativity
Motivation
Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.
Leadership
Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders.
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17. OB Applications… (cont’d)
Interpersonal Conflict
Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined.
Negotiation
Emotions can impair negotiations.
Customer Services
Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships.
Job Attitudes
Can carry over to home
Deviant Workplace Behaviors
Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization).
Productivity failures
Property theft and destruction
Political actions
Personal aggression
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18. Question?
When coming to PMU, Do your emotions effect your studies most? Or your mood?
How do you control yourself and deal with people if you’re not in a good mood? Or if you’re feeling emotionally down?
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

19. Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
Discuss with your neighbor how low positive affect is the same or different as high negative affect.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

20. Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
Roberto comes to class and sits quietly looking content and relaxed. The teacher is guessing that Roberto is
Low on negative affect
High on positive affect
High on negative affect
Low on positive affect
Discuss with a neighbor why Roberto, who is seemingly happy but calm, isn’t just low on positive affect.
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

21. Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and Moods
Do you think there could be emotional and mood implications for telecommuting? If yes, how so? Discuss with a classmate.
Hint: Consider this woman!
Why might she NOT always feel this way?
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