1. Hip Muscular Anatomy

2. Flexors

3. Psoas Major Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Adjacent margins of the bodies of the vertebra and discs and anterior medial transverse processes from the body of T12 to the body of L5.
Insertion
Tip and posterior aspect of lesser trochanter of the femur
Action
Flexion of the hip and lumbar spine
Nerve Supply
Anterior rami of L1-L3/4
Palpation
Model supine with hip and knee flexion, feet resting on table. Therapist places fingers 2 inches Lateral to umbilicus on Lateral edge of rectus abdominis. Pressure is applied towards to spinal column. Model can perform hip flexion to confirm palpation.
Iliopsoas tendon palpated Lateral to femoral artery inferior to inguinal ligament

4. Anterior aspect of ilium just medial to the ASIS
Iliacus
Origin
Upper and posterior two thirds of the iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligament.
Insertion
Lesser trochanter of the femur. A few fibres attach to the hip joint capsule
Action
Hip Flexion. When the origin and insertion are reversed so the lower point is fixed iliacus is a lumbar flexor and anteriorly tilts the pelvis.
Nerve Supply
Femoral nerve
Palpation
Anterior aspect of ilium just medial to the ASIS

5. Psoas Minor Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Sides of the bodies of T12 and L1 and intervertebral disc.
Insertion
Iliopubic eminence and iliac fascia
Action
Weak flexor of the lumbar spine
Nerve Supply
Anterior primary ramus of L1
Palpation
N/A

6. Rectus Femoris Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Straight Head: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Reflected Head: Superior to the acetabulum
Insertion
Upper border of the patella and merges around patella to form parts of the ligamentum patellae
Action
Hip flexion, Knee Extension
Nerve Supply
Femoral Nerve
Palpation
Model: Straight leg raise

7. Anterior superior iliac spine and area just below
Sartorius
Origin
Anterior superior iliac spine and area just below
Insertion
Vertical line of the upper medial surface of the tibia shaft. Some fibres merge with the MCL
Action
Hip flexion, Lateral rotation and abduction. Knee flexion and tibial medial rotation.
Nerve Supply
Femoral Nerve
Palpation
Model actively holds leg in hip flexion, abduction and slight Lateral rotation. Belly palpated close to ASIS

8. Extensors

9. Gluteus Medius Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Outer surface of the ilium from the iliac crest and posterior gluteal line
Insertion
Superolateral surface of the greater trochanter
Action
Abduction of the hip. Anterior fibres assist with femoral medial rotation. Posterior fibres assist with Lateral rotation. Stabilise the pelvis on the femur during single leg stance.
Nerve Supply
Superior Gluteal Nerve L4-L5, S1
Palpation
Model side lying. Place hand between the iliac crest and greater trochanter of the femur. Ask model to abduct the femur.

10. Semitendinosus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Lower medial facet of the lateral section of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Vertical line of the anterior medial superior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia
Action
Hip Extension, Knee Flexion and Tibial medial Rotation
Nerve Supply
Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Palpation

11. Semimembranosus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Upper lateral facet of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle and oblique popliteal ligament
Action
Hip Extension, Knee Flexion and Tibial medial Rotation
Nerve Supply
Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Palpation

12. Biceps Femoris Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Long Head: Lower medial facet of the ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
Short Head: Lower half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera and the lateral supracondylar line of the femur
Insertion
Head of the fibula
Action
Hip Extension, Knee flexion and Tibial Lateral Rotation
Nerve Supply
Long Head: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Short Head: Common Peroneal Division
Palpation
Short Head: Lower half of the Lateral lip of the linea aspera and the lateral supracondylar line of the femur

13. Adductors

14. Gracilis Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Front body and inferior ramus of the pubis and the ramus of the ischium
Insertion
Vertical line of the upper medial surface of the tibia shaft
Action
Hip adduction. Knee Flexion and Tibial medial Rotation
Nerve Supply
Anterior division of the obturator nerve
Palpation
Distal Tendon: Resist knee flexion and tibial IR. Tendon is medial to the tendon of semitendinosis
Proximal belly: Place thigh into hip flexion, abduction, ER. Place flat palm along adductors. Immediate muscle mass is adductor longus. Straighten knee. Mass then found posteriorly is gracilis.

15. Lateral surface of the body of the pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Adductor Brevis
Origin
Lateral surface of the body of the pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion
Posterior surface of the proximal femur and upper one third of linea aspera
Action
Hip adduction
Nerve Supply
Obturator Nerve
Palpation

16. Adductor Magnus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Adductor Part – Ischiopubic ramus
Hamstring Part – Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Adductor Part – posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring Part – adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
Action
Adductor Part – Adduction of the hip. Flexion of the hip
Hamstring Part – Extension of the hip
Nerve Supply
Adductor Part - Obturator Nerve
Hamstring Part – Sciatic Nerve
Palpation

17. Adductor Longus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Lateral surface of the body of pubis
Insertion
Linea aspera on middle one third of the shaft of femur
Action
Hip Flexion, adduction, medial rotation
Nerve Supply
Obturator Nerve
Palpation

18. Pectineus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Pectineal line and adjacent bone of pelvis
Insertion
Oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur
Action
Hip adduction and flexion
Nerve Supply
Femoral Nerve
Palpation

19. Abductors

20. Gluteus Maximus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, tendon of sacrospinalis, dorsal surface of the sacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Action
Extension of the femur, Lateral stabilisation of the hip. Inferior fibres can assist with adduction and Lateral rotation of the femur. Superior fibres can assist with abduction and medial rotation of the femur.
Nerve Supply
Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S2)
Palpation
Prone lying with one knee joint flexed to 90. Apply max resistance to posterior surface of thigh and ask for hip extension.

21. Gluteus Minimus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion
Linear facet on the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter and the hip capsule
Action
Superior gluteal nerve
Nerve Supply
Palpation

22. Tensor Fascia Latae Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Lateral aspect of crest of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine and tubercle of the crest
Insertion
Iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Action
Abduction and Medial Rotation of the hip
Nerve Supply
Superior Gluteal Nerve
Palpation

23. Lateral Rotators

24. Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur.
Piriformis
Origin
Anterior surface of the sacrum between and Lateral to anterior sacral foramen, capsule of sacroiliac articulation, margin of the greater sciatic foramen and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion
Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur.
Action
Extension and Lateral rotation of the hip in hip extension or neutral. medial rotation and abduction in 90° of hip flexion.
Nerve Supply
Sacral plexus, L5, S1, S2
Palpation
Model in side lying on uninvolved side with hip flexed to 90°. Palpate in a line from the greater trochanter to the palpable border of the sacrum.
Model in prone. Knee flexed to 90°. Palpate in a line from greater trochanter to palpable border of the sacrum. medial and Lateral rotation of the hip can be used to confirm palpation.

25. Gemellus Superior Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
External surface of ischial spine
Insertion
Along length of superior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of the greater trochanter of the femus with the obturator internus tendon
Action
Laterally rotates the extended hip joint
Aducts the flexed hip joint
Nerve Supply
Nerve to Obturator Internus
Palpation

26. Obturator Internus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane and the rim of the pelvis
Insertion
Medial side of the greater trochanter of the femur and the hip joint
Action
Laterally rotates the extended hip joint
Aducts the flexed hip joint
Nerve Supply
Nerve to obturator internus
Palpation

27. Gemellus Inferior Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Along length of inferior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of the greater trochanter of the femus with the obturator internus tendon
Action
Laterally rotates the extended hip joint
Aducts the flexed hip joint
Nerve Supply
Neve to quadratus femoris
Palpation

28. Quadratus Femoris Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Lateral aspect of the ischium just anterior to the ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur
Action
Laterally rotates the hip
Nerve Supply
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Palpation

29. Obturator Externus Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Palpation
Lateral surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
Insertion
Trochanteric fossa
Action
Adduction, and Lateral rotation of the hip
Nerve Supply
Obturator Nerve
Palpation

30. Flexors Psoas Major Iliacus Psoas Minor Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Pectineus
Gracilis
Tensor Fascia Latae
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis

31. Extensors Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Adductor Magnus

32. Gluteus Maximus (Superior Fibres)
Abductors
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae
Sartorious
Piriformis
Obturator Internus
Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior
Gluteus Maximus (Superior Fibres)

33. Gluteus Maximus (Inferior Fibres)
Adductors
Pectineus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
Gluteus Maximus (Inferior Fibres)

34. Gluteus Maximus (Superior Fibres)
Medial Rotation
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fascia Latae
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Gluteus Maximus (Superior Fibres)

35. Lateral Rotation Piriformis Obturator Internus Obturator Externus
Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior
Quadratus Femoris
Sartorius
Gluteus Maximus (Inferior Fibres)
Gluteus Medius (Posterior Fibres)