1. Imperialism and the Effects on America
11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century
List the purpose and the effects of the Open Door policy
Describe the Spanish-American War and U.S. expansion in the South Pacific.
Discuss America’s role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the Panama Canal.
Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches.

2. Manifest Destiny
Americans believed it was their divine rights to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific
What does this map show?
If the United States wanted to expand in 1900, where might it have sought new territory?

3. The Turn to Expansionism
Economic expansion became a part of the American Experience.
The following all lead to economic expansion
Communication, Technology, Industry advances
Announcement of the “closing of the American Frontier” at the Chicago’s World’s Fair put Americans in a panic
The idea that there was no more land to develop – all of the continental Untied States was explored and established

4. Reasons for Expansion Economic – Commercial/Business Interests
Military Strategic Interests
Social Darwinists Theory
Religious/Missionary Interests
Closing of American Frontier

5. Expansionism to Imperialism
America had the desire for new markets to sell goods and take resources from new territories
A strong Navy was needed to claim new territory
All of the land on the continental US was already claimed
The only place left was to explore the islands in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Manifest Destiny took on an international role.
Its purpose was to Civilize, Christianize, and Democratize the world.

6. Debate over Imperialism
Against Imperialism
They believed that America should focus on internal problems
Felt that America should not dominate other countries
People should have the right to choose their own governments
For Imperialism
Manifest Destiny
Spread the knowledge of a democratic government
Americans needed to spread the Christian faith
America could benefit economically from trade with the countries

7. Trouble Starts in Cuba Cuban people wanted independence from Spain
US had interest in Cuba
Americans identified with Cubans because of America’s war for Independence
Natural extension of the United States
Only 90 miles from Florida
Economic interest in Cuba’s Sugar Plantations

8. Revolution Begins in Cuba
Jose Marti was an ex-Cuban who launched the Cuban Revolution
The Spanish forced Cubans into re-concentration camps
Where hunger and disease led to ¼ of the island’s death
Americans keep watch over the progress of the Rebellion
US invested 50 million dollars into Cuba’s sugar plantations
Americans were horrified by the stories of what was happening in the re-concentration camps
President McKinley wants to Avoid War

9. Mystery of the Maine
Newspaper headlines read “Remember the Maine, War with Spain”
Americans believed that the Spanish were responsible for destroying the Maine
First reported that a missile hit the Navy boat
Later it was discovered it was a faulty broiler that was responsible for the explosion not the Spanish.
Event was an excuse to start the Spanish American War

10. Paths Leading to War – Who is at fault?
Yellow Journalism
Exaggerated news stories to grab an audience’s attention
Pushed for military action
William Randolph Heart owned the New York Journal
The newspaper responsible for the USS Maine stories.
Hearst wrote in a letter: you furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
McKinley calls for War
Congress declared war on Spain

11. The Spanish-American War
War in the Philippines
The United States captured the Philippines before Cuba
Americans joined with Filipino rebels to defeat Spain
US Troops land in Cuba
17,000 troops landed in Cuba in 1898
Rough Riders
Lead by Teddy Roosevelt
Who resigned his position as Secretary of the Navy to fight in the war
Captured San Juan Hill which lead America to Victory
Or so the history books say . . .

12. The “Splendid Little War”
The end of the Spanish American War
Treaty of Paris ended the war
US gained territory from Spain
Cuba (Freed from Spanish Rule)
Puerto Rico (Spain gave it to US)
Guam (Spain gave it to US)
Philippines (paid Spain 20 million)
Platt Amendment
Gave the US the right to establish naval bases (Guantanamo Bay) in Cuba and send in troops into Cuba when needed.
Philippines
Became an American Colony
Taft became the first Governor General of the Philippines
US Emerges as a World Power
The US gained control of the Caribbean and parts of Asia

13. US Diplomacy from Imperialism
Roosevelt Corollary
An addition was made to the Monroe Doctrine which said that the US had the right to act as an international police power in Latin America
Open Door Policy (Teddy Roosevelt)
Equal opportunity for ALL nations to trade with China while allowing China to remain independent
Dollar Diplomacy (Taft)
US Business should invest in foreign regions
Moral Diplomacy (Wilson)
Spread of American ideals
Spread Diplomacy
Promote Peace
Condemn Colonialism

14. Roosevelt’s Theory of Imperialism
Speak softly, but carry a big stick
Speak softly = when negotiating diplomacy, do not raise your voice or get angry
Carry a big stick = use the navy to intimidate the country that you are negotiating with

15. International Relations - Hawaii
US becomes Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of Economic Treaties
Overthrown of Queen Liliuokalani
American businessmen backed an uprising against the queen
Economic interests in Sugar Plantations and Pineapples
Sanford Ballard Dole – Dole Pineapple company – proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894
Hawaii Annexation Ceremony 1898

16. International Relations - Japan
Commodore Matthey Perry opens up Japan
Japan wanted the military skills and technology of Americans after the Civil War
Think of the movie – The Last Samurai
1854 – Treaty of Kanagawa – established peace between America and Japan
1908 – Gentleman’s Agreement (Root-Takahira Agreement)
Japan agreed to deny passports to laborers entering the U.S.
Japan recognized the U.S. right to exclude Japanese immigrants holding passports issued by other countries
The U.S. government got the school board of San Francisco to rescind their order to segregate Asians in separate schools
1912 – Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Non-European powers, like Japan, would be excluded from owning territory in the Western Hemisphere

17. International Relations - Alaska
1867 – “Seward’s Folly”
Alaskan Territory is purchased for 7.2 million dollars from Russia

18. International Relations – Panama
United States gain territory in 1903 (Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty)
America wanted to create a shorter route to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

19. International Relations - Mexico
The Mexican Revolution – 1910
Lead to U.S. global Investments and Investments in Latin America

20. Critical Thinking Question
Predict what happens next for the United States?
How do you think the events during Imperialism Era has effected the United States today?
Have you been effected in any way by the events and actions of the past?