1. PROCTER & GAMBLE

2. Procter & Gamble – A brief history
A company that started in the year 1837 and continues to this day.
It was established in Cincinnati, Ohio by William Procter and James Gamble.
It soon became a Fortune 500 American multinational corporations.
The 150th year, 1987 marked the rise of P&G into a multinational corporation in the US.
The companies that it took over were – Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Richardson-Vicks, Noxell, Max Factor, Ellen Betrix and Giorgio of Beverly Hills (West, 2014).

4. Global Reach
The company’s global exposure was a result of the research units that were developed across the world.
The research centers were established in the countries like the US, Europe, Latin America & Japan.
The brands that have been developed from time to time are beauty products like Pantene Pro-V, Always/Whisper, detergents like Ariel and Tide, baby products like Pampers, products with medicinal values like Crest, Vicks and oil of Olay.
P&G has made it a point to cater to the various needs of its clients which is evident through the variety of products that are available in the market (West, 2014).

5. Tough Competitors
Beauty, hair and personal care segment : Avon, Colgate-Palmolive, Revlon, Elizabeth Arden, Unilever.
Grooming segment : Bic is the only competitor that P&G has in this section.
Health care segment : Church and Dwight Co., Ecolab, Stepan Company, United Guardian.
Fabric care and home care segment : There are only three competitors in this section and they are Colgate-Palmolive, Unilever and Church and Dwight Co.
Baby care, feminine and family care segment: This section even has the same competitors though their ranking is quite below P&G.

6. The Eight Dimensions for Ranking
In the U.S. the top companies are ranked on the basis of certain criterions which are categorized as:
The innovations that it undertakes.
The managerial qualities present within the company.
Value or return value of investments done for a long time.
Responsibility towards the betterment of the society and environment.
Efficient management of the member and employees.
Well maintenance of the product quality and the efficiency of the services provided.
Whether the company is financially sound or not and the extent of the soundness.
Finally the using of corporate assets in a wise manner.

7. The Top 10 Companies - Forbes
Berkshire Hathaway – Global Ranking 4
JP Morgan Chase – Global ranking 5
Wells Fargo – Global ranking 7
Apple – Global ranking 8
Exxon Mobil – Global Ranking 9
Bank of America – Global Rank 11
AT&T – Global rank 12
Citigroup – Global Rank 13
Verizon Communications – Global Rank 15
Wal-Mart Stores – Global Rank 15 (Schaefer, 2016).

8. Ranking of Procter & Gamble
Procter & gamble has been ranked at the 16th position among all the U.S companies by the Forbes magazine.
This company ranks at the 39th position when compared to all the other top ranking companies of the world.
Still in the 2010 list of Fortune’s Most Admired companies this company was ranked among the top 6.

9. Awards and Accolades
Out of the top 25 products of companies related to P&G, this company has 8 of them on the top list.
The US top 10 CPG products include 3 of P&Gs products.
In 2011 P&G was the only manufacturer with 23 pacesetters while the second competitor won only 12 of them.
P&G has even had its products ranked #1 and #2 at the same time for over 6 years.
The product Tide has been marked as a Pacesetter product since the year and it ranks within the top 11.

10. Drawbacks of Procter & Gamble
The company has seen dwindling situations when categorized on the basis of the 8 dimensions.
The first was the long term investment value and the second was the financial soundness.
The managerial quality is weak and hence the company has seen the position of the CEO been changed thrice in the past three years.
Rise of the competitors from the various categories that it caters to, only to give a tough competition (Wade, 2013).

11. Structural Relevancy
The organization is structured well to maintain the proper working and its types are:
This company has a multi divisional structure as the simple and the functional structures cannot be maintained in such a widespread company like this.
There are heads who represent a single section of the company and divides the daily works efficiently among the employees.
Monitoring and controlling problems become easier when this method is implemented.
Comparison between the units can be conducted efficiently.
Provides immense scope of improvements when categorized into segments (Argyres, 2013).

12. Scope of Improvement
P&G believes that all its employees are unique and do possess multiple diversified qualities. The company have decided on putting these qualities into optimum use.
The social responsibility programs which can be implemented in order to improve the lives of the children.
There is ample scope whereby all the employees at P&G can be allowed to engage in certain innovative thinking that would be sustained by the availability of proper equipment's.
Maintaining transparency within the organization and even with those outside it (Brown, 2011).

13. The Planning – Kotter’s 8 Step Change Model
P&G plans to deal with the problems using Kotter’s model of change.
They plan to enhance the existing profile of the company with regards to its environment.
The company is trying to set up a long term goal by building a team whose unity would be working in favor of the rise of the company.
The next strategy is to reward every individual who have been supporting the change and working in accordance with it.
The ultimate job would be the creation of a mission statement that the company desires to achieve within a given period of time (Appelbaum, 2012).

14. Challenges to Overcome
The challenges that had been faced by all the CEO’s and the managerial authority has remained the same.
P&G’s culture probes the biggest problem as the employees are relaxed and they feel that they have been employed for a lifetime.
This attitude along with financial crisis needs to be overcome in order to achieve a proper working of the company all over again.
People’s mindset needs to be kept in mind both with respect to the customers and the employees.
People are not readily acceptable to the changes that take place. So the biggest challenge for this company would be successfully implement those changes (Brown, 2011).

15. Evaluating the Changes
The changes that P&G needs to and is hoping to achieve are conditioned by quite a few factors like patience, tolerant to situations, seeing things from a different perspective and so on.
The multidivisional structure is supposed to be maintained as P&G is a huge company with almost 5 segments. The change that it requires is the change in the existing culture within the organization that leads to a lethargic work environment.
The only possible way to achieve financial soundness and then go for a long term investment is by forming a strong, reliable and dependable employee base.
Changing according to the needs of the existing and the prospected customers would lead to the ultimate success of the company.
The changes that would be brought about should be reflected through the numbers and the rate of success so that people are satisfied that they have accepted the changes.

16. Works Cited
Appelbaum, S. H., Habashy, S., Malo, J. L., & Shafiq, H. (2012). Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's change model. Journal of Management Development, 31(8),
Brown, B., & Anthony, S. D. (2011). How P&G tripled its innovation success rate. Harvard Business Review, 89(6),
Argyres, N., & Zenger, T. R. (2013). 12. Dynamics of organizational structure. Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory, 210.
Wade, J. (2013). Procter & Gamble's former CEO on risk and strategy. Risk Management, 60(2),
West, J., & Bogers, M. (2014). Leveraging external sources of innovation: a review of research on open innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4),
Schaefer, S. FORBES STAFF, (2016). The Largest U.S. Companies 2016: Berkshire, Banks And Apple. Retrieved from: berkshire-banks-and-apple/#1e