1. The Years Between the Wars
What the world looked like

2. Over View Uneasy Peace Plans to help The Hopeful Years
Great Depression
Democratic States after the War
Rise of Dictators
Fascism in Italy
A new era in Soviet Union
Authoritarian States in the West
Hitler and His views
Rise of Nazism
Victory of Nazism
The Nazi State

3. Uneasy Peace
Why?
New border issues, these issues poisoned relations in Eastern Europe for years
Angered Germans who vowed to revise the treaty
Weak League of Nations
Great idea on paper, had no military power and the US didn’t join the League
French Demands
Wanted the treaty followed to a T and
Demanded the high payments! ($33 billion)

4. Uneasy Peace Trouble in Germany
Germany goes into finical crisis and cannot pay back the debt
France decided to occupy the Ruhr Valley, an industrial and mining center of Germany
France figured they could make the Germans work for them
German’s go on strike, German government pays Germans to stay on strike and that actually inflates the German mark
Eventually the German Mark will become worthless
Inflation meant the people suffered more

5. Plans to help Dawes Plan Treaty of Locarno
Reduced reparation payments and coordinated Germany's payments with what the nation could afford
granted an initial $200 million loan from the US for Germany so it could recovery
Opened the door to have American investment in Europe
Guaranteed Germany’s Western boarder
Created a more cooperative vibe between France, Belgium and Germany

6. Hopeful Years
With Germany recovering and the signing of the Treaty of Locarno
Hope was for a new Era of Peace in Europe
Germany joined the League of Nations in 1926
Kellogg-Braind pact
63 nations signed it
“to renounce war as an instrument of national policy”
Britain, France Italy, Germany and other small European countries had diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union

7. Great Depression Causes Impact of the Depression
Depression Very low economic activity and high unemployment
Two main cause
1. downturn in the economies of nations during the second half the 1920s
2. US investors who put money into Germany start pulling their invests in 1928, after the crash even more $ is pulled out of Europe causing most of Europe to be pulled into the Depression
1932 Worst year of the depression
GB 1 in every 4 worker was unemployed
GR 40 % of the German labor force was unemployed
Increased government activity in the economy
Renewed interest in Marxist doctrines
Led masses of people to follow political leaders who offered simple solution in return for dictatorships

8. Democratic States after the War
Germany
France
Weimar Republic was created in 1918
Paul Von Hindenburg was elected president in1925
Not a strong leader
Faced serious economic issues
Social issues because people lost their jobs, pay and live savings
Depression hit and paved the way for fear and the rise of extremist groups
Strongest power on the European continent
Had so much to rebuild
Causing finical issues
Depression hits in 1932
During a 19 months period six different cabinets were formed as face faced political chaos
Popular Front
Communist, socialists and radicals come together to create France’s New Deal

9. Democratic States after the War
Great Britain
United States
During the war Britain lost many of industrial products to the US and Japan
Decline in coal, steel and textiles
1921 2 million Brits were out of work
Labour party failed to solve the nations economic issues and the party fell from power
Conservatives take the credit for pulling Britain
Used balanced budget and protective tariffs
Besides Germany the US was the most affected by the great depression
US production fell 50%
1933 12 million were unemployed
FDR and New Deal created public work programs
Built roads, post offices, schools airports, bridges etc.
Created social reforms that saved the US form a Social revolution
WWII is what finally ended the depression for the US

10. Rise of Dictators
1919 saw a hopeful Europe using democracy as the new government in the newly formed countries
1939 only Two countries France and Great Britain used democracy as a form of government
The other European countries due politics, economics and post war life these countries had turned toward dictatorships
The new form of a dictatorship wanted to create a modern totalitarian state
Government aims to control ALL aspects of their citizens’ lives
Control their citizens’ hearts, minds and used mass propaganda and modern communication to achieve these goals
Single Party, Single leader

11. Italy and Fascism
Mussolini created the first European Fascist movement in Italy.
Fascism glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler
Italy experience the same economic problems as other European countries
Industrial and agricultural workers staged strikes
1920 Mussolini creates the black shirts
An armed fascists sector that used violence to put down strikes
The “blackshirts” get support from the middle- class and working-class

12. Mussolini and Italy 1922- Mussolini movement was growing quickly
Fear of communism and socialism drove the people of Italy to trust and back Mussolini and the Fascist movement
Italians wanted the land that they had been promised and Mussolini promised to give it to the people
1922- Italian King to makes Mussolini his prime minister
Using his new role Mussolini creates a Fascist dictatorship
Using the secret police propaganda and fear
Mussolini gets rid of all opposition and controls the people
1926 Mussolini is the only ruler in Italy

13. Soviet Union Lenin dies in 1924
Trotsky vs Stalin
The power struggle divides the Bolshevik movement
Stalin wins and becomes the sole leader of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union constantly struggled to rebound and rebuild
Drought, famine and disease kill millions
The Economy struggles to come back as well
Lenin “New Economic Plan”
Stalin “Five-Year Plan”

14. Soviet Union Five Year Plan Staying in Power
Set economic goals
Emphasized industrialization and production of capital goods
Took a heavy toll on the Russian people
Housing, wages and life in general is horrible for most Russians
Collectivization
a system in which the government took over ownership of private farms and had the peasants work them
1930’s millions of Russians die because of starvation because of this farming process
People who resisted Stalin and his government were either murdered or sent to Siberia labor camps
Fear tactic of Purges, spared no part of society
Overturned social legislation passed in the early 1920s that protected citizens’ rights.

15. Japan Like all the world Japan was hit hard economically in the 1930s
Unique issues because it was an island
It lacked ore, oil, rubber and other resources
Needed markets beyond Japan for the goods it produced
Japanese government decided to expand into Asia to get control of resources and to sell its good
1931- Japanese troops take Manchuria ( Northeast China)
China tried to limit the spread of Japanese power
But by 1937 China and Japan were fighting a full-scale war
1940 Japan moved farther south into Indochina
US warns Japan that if they proceed farther that the US will stop selling Japan oil and scrap iron
Japan didn’t retreat…

16. Eastern Europe Struggled just like the rest of Europe
These young countries were hopeful and tried democracies
Democracies failed
Lower class people were uneducated and lacked the understanding of the role they could play in government
Czechoslovakia was the only country that was successful in having a democracy
Large middle class
Liberal traditions and strong industrial base

17. Spain
Spanish military forces revolted against the democratic government in 1936
Leader Francisco Franco
Foreign intervention complicated the civil war
Italy and Germany aid the military rebels
Arms, money and men
Hitler tested new weapons here
Spanish republican government was aided by forty thousand foreign volunteers and by trucks, planes, tanks and military advisers from the soviet union
Civil War ends when rebel forces capture Madrid in 1939
Spanish military leader Francisco Franco became a dictator
Favored large landowners, businesspeople and the Catholic Clergy

18. Nazi Germany
Germany is in the worst state of all the countries that were involved in the war
A republican form of government is put into place
Germans are extremely mad and upset about the hand they have been dealt
Allows for extremist groups to grow and spread
By 1929 the Nazis party was the a national organization and by 1931 it was the largest political party in the Reichstag
1933 the Nazis pressured President Hindenburg to allow Hitler to become chancellor and create a new government
Germany’s economic problems were a main cause of how Nazism came to power