1. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
B Y : N A Y B E L P E R E Z

2. BASICS
► Muscular Dystrophy : group of disorders classified by the degeneration & loss of muscle mass
over time
► Mainly attacks skeletal & cardiac muscle

3. BASICS ► 2 most common types → Duchenne (DMD)- symptoms are
severe & are visible from as early as 2-6 years of age
→ Becker (BMD)- symptoms are less severe & is usually detected later on- usually detected in teens

4. BASICS ► DMD is an X-linked disease → Comes from mother
► Most commonly diagnosed at age 5
► Leads to eventual wheelchair reliance

5. SYMPTOMS ► Progressive weakness ► Bulky calves
► Protruding stomach area
► Visibly thin thighs & arms
► Walking on toes
► Difficulty getting up
► Difficulty breathing

6. GOWERS SIGN ► Gowers Sign : a good
indicator of lack of leg muscle in which a
person relies on their
hands to “walk”
themselves upright
rather than relying on their legs

7. CAUSES
Mutation in dystrophin gene causes lack of dystrophin production
Lack of dystrophin causes cell membrane to weaken
Abundance of calcium enters the cytosol of the cell
This calcium kills the cell, leading to muscular dystrophy

8. TREATMENT
► No cure
► Therapy including exercises & movement help to hinder the disease but does not take it away entirely.
► Breathing exercises if diaphragm becomes affected

10. WHAT IS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY?
QUESTION 1:
WHAT IS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY?
Severe muscle tenderness
Tendon inflammation
Inability to move your legs
Accelerated muscle breakdown

11. THE LACK OF WHAT PROTEIN CAUSES MUSCLULAR DYSTROPHY?
QUESTION 2:
THE LACK OF WHAT PROTEIN CAUSES MUSCLULAR DYSTROPHY?
Duchenne
Desmin
Dystrophin
Dystonin

12. WHICH OF THESE IS NOT TRUE ABOUT DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD)?
QUESTION 3:
WHICH OF THESE IS NOT TRUE ABOUT DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD)?
Duchenne is a milder form of Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne can be detected anywhere from ages
The progression of muscle degeneration is faster in Duchenne than in Becker
Duchenne is the most common form of muscular dystrophy

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) - Signs and Symptoms | Muscular Dystrophy Association." Muscular Dystrophy Association. N.p., 10 Jan Web. 13 Dec
"Muscular Dystrophy." AccessScience (n.d.): n. pag. Web Dec
"Muscular Dystrophy." Muscular Dystrophy Treatments and Drugs - Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec
Marieb, Elaine N. Essentials of HumanAnatomy & Physiology. 9th ed. San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, Print.