1. Phonology
Indah Lestari

2. What is Phonology? The study of how speech sounds form patterns.
It refers both to the linguistic knowledge that speakers have about the sound patterns of their language and to the description of that knowledge that linguists try to produce.
Knowledge of phonology determines how we pronounce words and the parts of words we call morphemes (phonological inventory)

3. Inventory of phones

4. Phonetic and Phonemic Feature
Phonetic feature is every natures of a phoneme such as bilabial, voiced, rounded, etc.
Phonemic feature is the feature that distinguishes one phoneme from another, hence one word from another, such as voicing, and suprasegmental/prosodic features (length, pitch, loudness, stress, intonation).

5. Complimentary Distribution
Two variants of phoneme (or letter) which do not appear in the same environment.
Peter Parker is Spiderman
peTer pArker IS spiderMan
There two kinds of complimentary distribution: distinctive and non-distinctive
Distinctive one is minimal pair
Non-distinctive ones are allophone and allomorph

6. Minimal Pair
Two words with different meanings that are identical except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in each word.
Cat and cap
Big and pig
Grab and crab
Cat and cut

7. Allophone Sound corresponding to the phoneme in various environment.
Allophone does not change the meaning of words containing the phoneme
For example, aspirated /p/ and unaspirated /p/ in English
Pit
For example, sound /ʊ/ and /ᴐ/ in Indonesian
Telur – telor
Kunci – konci

8. Exercise
Are /t/ and /d/ different phonemes, or are they allophones of the same phoneme?

9. Allomorph
Variation in pronouncing a morpheme in a certain phoneme environment without changing the meaning.
Boys /bᴐɪz/
Tips /tɪps/
Roses /rəʊzəz/

10. Phonological Rules Assimilation rule Dissimilation rule Epenthesis
Silent letter
Metathesis

11. Syllable (σ) are the rime
A phonological unit composed of one or more phonemes.
Every sillable has a nucleus, which is usually a vowel.
A nucleus is preceded by an onset, and followed by a coda.
The nucleus and the coda constitute the subsyllabic unit called a rime.
For example Jill /dʒɪl/
/dʒ/ is the onset
/ɪ/ is the nucleus
/l/ is the coda
are the rime

12. Exercise
Girls
Snow
Laugh
Come
Fall
Kick
Crown