1. Computer Graphics

2. Requirements Prerequisites CS 255 : Data Structures Math 253
Experience with C/C++ Programming Language

3. Grading
Assignments/Labs 45% Midterm 15% Final Exam 40%

4. What is Computer Graphics
Computer graphics: generating 2D images of a 3D world represented in a computer.
Main tasks:
modeling: (shape) creating and representing the geometry of objects in the 3D world
rendering: (light, perspective) generating 2D images of the objects
animation: (movement) describing how objects change in time

5. Computer Graphics/Image Processing / Computer Vision
Computer graphics create pictures and images based on some description, or model, in a computer. Image Processing : process an image to enhance certain aspects: examples: remove noise from an image, enhance its contrast, sharpen its edges, and fix its colors Computer Vision : Derive the models/descriptions from an image.

6. Course Goals Learn the principles of modeling and synthesis
Acquire expertise in tools used

7. Graphics: Conceptual Model
Real Light
Human Eye
Real Object
Synthetic
Light Source
Synthetic
Camera
Human Eye
Synthetic
Model
Real Object
Display
Device
Graphics System

8. Applications of Computer Graphics
Display of information
Design
Simulation and animation
User interface

9. Displaying Simulations
Flight simulator: the system is a plane with a shape and flying characteristics, along with a world consisting of a landing field, mountains, other planes, and air, all modeled appropriately.

10. Computer-aided Design
E.g., drills, or houses. The computer version is easy to alter if necessary.
Analysis and simulation can be used also. The shape of the drill might look nice, but the casing might be too weak or too heavy, or might be uncomfortable to grip.
Algorithms can be applied to the model of the drill to analyze its weight and heft, and to test whether the inner workings of the drill will fit properly inside the casing.

11. Computer Aided Design (CAD)

12. Volume Visualization
Areas of different colors immediately inform a physician about the health of each part of the brain.

13. Medical Visualization
Image from
David Brogan’s notes

14. Displaying Mathematical Functions
E.g., Mathematica®

15. Computer graphics are widely used in the production of movies, television programs, books, games, and magazines.
Pixar: Monster’s Inc.

16. Field of Computer Graphics
Computer graphics also often means the whole field of study that involves these tools and the pictures they produce.
The special interest group in graphics, SIGGRAPH, was formed in (The must-not-miss annual SIGGRAPH meeting now attracts 30,000 participants a year.)
SIGGRAPH is a Special Interest Group in the ACM: the Association for Computing Machinery.

17. Software Library
Device independent graphics libraries that allow the programmer to use a common set of functions within an application, and to run the same application on a variety of systems and displays are available.
OpenGL is such a library, and is the tool we will use in this class. The OpenGL way of creating graphics is used widely in both academia and industry.

18. Topics Outline

19. OpenGL Basics Primitives and attributes Color Viewing
Control functions

20. Input and Interaction Clients and servers Event driven programming
Text and fonts

21. Objects & Transformations
Linear algebra review
Coordinate systems and frames
Rotation, translation, scaling
Homogeneous coordinates
OpenGL transformation matrices

22. Viewing and Projection
Orthographic projection
Perspective projection
Camera positioning
Projections in OpenGL
Hidden surface removal

23. Light and Shading Light sources
Ambient, diffuse, and specular reflection
Normal vectors
Material properties in OpenGL

24. Textures and Pixels Texture mapping OpenGL texture primitives
Image filtering

25. Rendering Clipping Bounding boxes Hidden-surface removal Line drawing
Scan conversion
Antialiasing

26. Hierarchical Models Graphical objects Animations OpenGL routines
Parameters and transformations

27. Curves and Surfaces Review of 3D-calculus Explicit representations
Implicit representations
Parametric curves and surfaces
Hermite curves and surfaces
Bezier curves and surfaces
Splines
Curves and surfaces in OpenGL

28. Other Topics Curves and Surfaces Ray tracing Scientific visualization
Programmable shades
Procedure methods