1. Globalization and Its Discontents
Present

2. End of the Cold War Election of 1988
Democratic nominee - Governor Michael Dukakis
Republican nominee – Vice President George Bush Sr. elected
Gorbachev reforms
Perestroika – economic and political restructuring
Glasnost – openness / more freedom of religion and speech

3. End of the Cold War Revolutions in Eastern Europe
Poland – Solidarity uprising
Czechoslovakia – “Velvet Revolution”
Hungary and Bulgaria – peaceful
Romania – violent uprising ending in death of Communist leader and wife
November 1989 – Berlin Wall fell resulting in unification of West and East Germany

4. End of the Cold War Collapse of Soviet Union
August 1991 Communist hardliners staged a coup as Gorbachev vacationed
Russian President Boris Yeltsin defied coup leaders
Russian people surrounded Russian Parliament to protect it from troops
US President Bush phoned Yeltsin in support
Coup collapsed – Yeltsin outlawed the Communist Party in Russia
Gorbachev announced the end of the Soviet Union

5. End of the Cold War Communist Chinese determined to stay in power
Pro-democracy protest held by Chinese in Tiananmen Square
Government tanks and troops crushed the protest killing hundreds
Tiananmen Square

6. End of the Cold War Panama Persian Gulf War
1989 – Panamanian dictator, Manuel Noriega, aided drug traffickers and harassed US personnel
Operation Just Cause - US invaded Panama and captured Noriega
Persian Gulf War
Saddam Hussein argued with Kuwait over oil fields
Iraqi Army invaded Kuwait
Bush formed coalition army and forced Iraq out of Kuwait (Operation Desert Storm)

7. End of the Cold War The Economy Slows
Recession began in 1990 partly caused by end of Cold War
Companies began downsizing – laying off workers / becoming more efficient
More federal money went to pay off debt
Bush broke campaign pledge and allowed Congress to vote for more taxes – “read my lips”

8. President George Bush Sr.
End of the Cold War
Bill Clinton – Governor of Arkansas
Extended rights with passage of Americans with Disabilities Act
Law required access to all public buildings for disabled
1992 Election
Democratic nominee – Bill Clinton
Republican nominee – George Bush Sr.
Third Party nominee – H. Ross Perot
Clinton won election w/43% of the vote
President George Bush Sr.
Businessman H. Ross Perot

9. President Bill Clinton
The Clinton Years
Raised taxes – cut spending
Hillary Clinton
Put in charge of healthcare reform
Produced complicated plan that failed to generate support
Family and Education
Medical Leave Act – allowed up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave
AmeriCorps Program – put students to work in community service
President Bill Clinton

10. The Clinton Years Republicans Regain Control of Congress
Contract with America – Republicans voted into office promising several changes
Budget battle between President and Congress caused shutdown of government – Republicans backed down
Passed several laws w/President including Welfare Reform Act
Rep. Newt Gingrich – Speaker of the House and author of the Contract with America

11. The Clinton Years
Election of 1996 – Clinton defeated Republican Bob Dole
Impeachment
Whitewater
Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr
1998 Congress impeached Clinton on two charges: Perjury and Obstruction of Justice
Senate voted to acquit on first charge and on second charge
Two-thirds needed to convict
Vote was along party lines

12. The Clinton Years The Haitian Intervention
Haitian President Aristide overthrown
Clinton ordered US invasion to restore order
Peacekeeping in Bosnia / Kosovo
Breakup of Yugoslavia caused war and ethnic cleansing – brutal expulsion of an ethnic group from a certain area
UN and NATO intervened to protect citizens
NATO bombed Serbia

13. Rabin, Clinton, and Arafat in the White House Rose Garden
The Clinton Years
The Middle East
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasir Arafat met with Clinton
The PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate voice of the Palestinian people
Subsequent attempts to out agreements have failed
Rabin, Clinton, and Arafat in the White House Rose Garden

14. The Technological Revolution
Rise of the Compact Computer
ENIAC – world’s first electronic digital computer (1946). Weighed 30 tons / size of a small house
1959 First integrated circuit – complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon
Area in California where companies produced chips became known as Silicon Valley
1968 Microprocessors invented – combined circuits with memory and computing functions

15. The Technological Revolution
Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs produced first practical and affordable personal computer – Apple I
IBM competed with the “PC”
Apple introduced the MacIntosh using a simple operating system
Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft which produced PC software
By 1990s people could telecommute – work from home via computers
Rise of videogame industry
Pong Music Video

16. The Technological Revolution
Internet
System by which computers could communicate with each other
ARPANET – origin of Internet; system linked government agencies and universities for the Department of Defense
Internet grew with introduction of hypertext (http) and web browsers
New Internet-based businesses were founded called “dot-coms”

17. The Technological Revolution
Breakthroughs in Biotechnology
The managing of biological systems to improve human life
Made possible by computers
1953 James Watson and Francis Clark deciphered structure of DNA
Human Genome Project – mapping of the human DNA

18. An Interdependent World
US experiencing trade deficits – Americans purchased more from other countries while other countries bought less from US
Increasing trade was major US concern
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – free trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico
European Union (EU) – free trade bloc between European member nations competed w/US
Euro – common currency established by the EU nations

19. An Interdependent World
World Trade Organization (WTO) – administered international trade agreements and settled international trade disputes
Nuclear Proliferation
The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations
US against other nations obtaining nuclear weapons
Global Warming
An increase in global temperatures over time
Some believe caused by CO2 / human activity
Kyoto Protocol – several nations signed promising to reduce emissions (US did not sign)

20. America Enters a New Century
Election of 2000
Democratic – VP Al Gore
Republican – George W. Bush
Green Party – Ralph Nader
Close vote required recount – electoral votes of Florida needed for both candidates to win
Looking at “chads”
Recount not finished by deadline
Florida declared Bush winner
Vote counter looking at “chads”

21. America Enters a New Century
Bush v. Gore
Gore protested – wanted recount of Democratic heavy counties
Florida Supreme Court began hand recount
US Supreme Court ruled hand counts violated equal protection clause
Ruling left Bush the winner

22. The War on Terrorism
9-11 – terrorist attack on World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon, and possibly Washington DC (plane crashed in Pennsylvania field)
State-sponsored terrorism – when a government secretly supports terrorists
Osama bin Laden & Al-Qaeda
Believed superpowers could be beaten
Wanted to re-establish the Caliphate
Angry that US had troops in Saudi Arabia
Believed Western ideas contaminated Islam

23. The War on Terrorism Terror Attacks
1993 First bombing of the World Trade Center
1995 Bombed US military barracks in Saudi Arabia
1998 Bombed US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania
1999 Attempted to bomb Seattle
2000 Suicide boat attack on USS Cole in Yemen

24. The War on Terrorism Actions Taken After 9-11
Bush declared national emergency
Investigators identified Osama Bin Laden / Al-Qaeda as attackers
Began deploying military to Middle East
Demanded Taliban in Afghanistan turn over Osama bin Laden
Announced US would no longer tolerate states that assisted terror

25. The War on Terrorism
Cut terror funding by freezing bank accounts of suspected terrorist groups / supporters
Passed Patriot Act – law allowed secret searches, wire-taps, and other electronic eavesdropping
Department of Homeland Security established
Anthrax attacks on government officials by suspected domestic terrorists

26. US troops on patrol in Afghanistan
The War on Terrorism
US supported Afghan rebel group The Northern Alliance
US sent troops to Afghanistan after the Taliban collapsed
US invoked NATO defense clause – NATO nations participated to varying degrees in Afghanistan
US troops fought Taliban and attempted to stabilize Afghan government
US still there
US troops on patrol in Afghanistan

27. US troops fighting in Iraq
The War on Terrorism
2003 Iraq War
Bush afraid Al-Qaeda would acquire / use Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, known to be developing WMD
Bush asked for UN Resolution demanding Iraq give up weapons
Iraq resisted – US and coalition of other countries invaded Iraq; overthrew Saddam Hussein
President Obama claimed victory in Iraq and withdrew US troops
US troops fighting in Iraq
Why the US Invaded Iraq

28. End of Space Shuttle Program
February 2003, space shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas as it re-entered the Earth’s atmosphere
All seven crew members died
Ended space shuttle program

29. To The Present Election 0f 2004 George W. Bush – Republican Incumbent
John Kerry – Democratic nominee
George W. Bush won second term
Financial Crisis of 2008
Banks created too much money by making too many loans due to low interest rates
Used this money to push up house prices and speculate in financial markets
Debts became unpayable
Financial crisis created – after crisis banks refused to lend causing economy to shrink
Financial Crisis of 2008

30. Wait for it…

31. Wait for it…

32. The Last Slide
Of the Last Chapter
PowerPoint!

33. To The Present Election of 2008 Obama versus McCain
First black president
AHCA – Affordable Healthcare Act aka Obamacare
Election of 2012
Obama versus Romney
Issue of Mormonism

34. Drop the mike!