1. Polymer Synthesis and Modification by Enzymatic Catalysis
Muttaqin
23 June 2009

2. History Overview Enzymatic reactions have been widely used since 1980s
Two major direction of polymerization catalyst :
Acids-Bases
Transition metal
Enzymatic polymerization

3. Motivation
synthesis and modification of polymer by enzymatic catalysis for getting better performance and environmentally desirable

4. Outline Introduction Hydrolases Enzyme Applications
Enzymatic polymerization
Modification of polymer
Applications
Disadvantage enzymatic methode
Conclusion
Refference

5. Introduction : Characteristic of Enzymatic Synthesis
Two aspect which important at Enzymatic reaction :
Key and Lock Theory (Fischer : 1894)
In vivo
In vitro

6. Introduction : Characteristic of Enzymatic Synthesis
Lowering activation energy (Pauling)
Key Factor :
Design and Synthesis
an artificial monomer
Reaction Profile

7. Introduction : The Advantage of Enzymatic polymerization
Precise control of polymer structure (regioselectivity, chemoselectivity, stereochemistry)
No need protection and deprotection
Clean process, mild condition, environmental friendly
In many cases produce biodegradable polymers

8. Introduction : Clasification of Enzyme
Enzymes
Examples Enzymes
Typical Polymers-1
Typical Polymers-2
1. Oxidoreductases
Peroxidase
Tyrosinase
Glucose oxidase
Polyphenols, polyanilines, Vynyl polymers
Polysacharides, polypeptides (protein) 2.
Transferase
Glycosyltransferase
Acyltransferase
Polysacharides, cyclic olygosacharides, polyester 3.
Hydrolases
Glycosidase (Cellulase, chitinase, amylase, etc)
Lipase
Peptidase
Polysacharides, polyester, polyamides, polycarbonates, poly(amino acid)s
Polysacharides,
polypeptides (protein)
4. Lyases
Decarboxylase
Adolase, Dehydrase
polysacharides
5. Isomerase
Racemase
Epimerase
6. Ligases
Acyl CoA synthetase

9. Enzymatic polymerization : Hydrolase – Lypase Enzyme
Lypase is an enzyme that catalyze the hydrolysis of fatty acid ester
Lypase can be used to catalyse polymerization reaction, such as : Polyester
the reaction of lipase-catalyzed polymerization can be done by ROP or Polycondensation

10. Enzymatic polymerization : Mechanism Reaction of ROP
The Key step is :
Acyl-enzyme intermediate formation

11. Enzymatic polymerization : Polyester via Polycondensation
Alkyl Ester
Vinyl Ester

12. Enzymatic Polymerization : Enantioselective and Chemoselective
Prefer to produce one enantiomer to another
Chemoselective :
Selective to functional group

13. Modification of Polymer : By Enzymatic Catalysis
Purpose
Improve the polymer properties
Produce polymer with environmentally friendly
Fulfill market demand

14. Modification of Polymer : Polysacharides by lypase enzyme

15. Application : Polysacharides
Biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic
Use : Biomedical purpose, such as : drug delivery. Biofuel, Paper industry, water treatment purpose, and other industrial aplications
Biofuel car from Volvo
(Volvo flexifuel S40)

16. Application : Polyester Usefulness : Packaging, Textile, resin
liquid crystal display, plastic display, etc

17. Disadvantage of Enzymatic Methode
Limitation of substrate
Availability and cost of enzyme
Reaction : Ofen slower than chemical methode

18. Conclution
The enzymatic reaction take place under mild condition and are excellent in controlling polymer structure
The enzymatic reaction reduce environmental problems

19. Refference :
Macromolecule Engineering. Precise Synthesis, Material Properties, Application. Edited by K. Matyjaszewski, Y. Gnanou, and L. Leiber. Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Physical chemistry for the life Sciences. P. Atkins, J. d. Paula. © 2006 W.H. Freeman and Company 41 Madison Avenue, New York.
Introduction to Polymer Science and Chemistry. M. Chandra. Copyright © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. CRC Press, New York

20. Thank You
“Green“ for better life