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Polymer Synthesis and Modification by Enzymatic Catalysis
Muttaqin 23 June 2009
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History Overview Enzymatic reactions have been widely used since 1980s
Two major direction of polymerization catalyst : Acids-Bases Transition metal Enzymatic polymerization
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Motivation synthesis and modification of polymer by enzymatic catalysis for getting better performance and environmentally desirable
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Outline Introduction Hydrolases Enzyme Applications
Enzymatic polymerization Modification of polymer Applications Disadvantage enzymatic methode Conclusion Refference
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Introduction : Characteristic of Enzymatic Synthesis
Two aspect which important at Enzymatic reaction : Key and Lock Theory (Fischer : 1894) In vivo In vitro
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Introduction : Characteristic of Enzymatic Synthesis
Lowering activation energy (Pauling) Key Factor : Design and Synthesis an artificial monomer Reaction Profile
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Introduction : The Advantage of Enzymatic polymerization
Precise control of polymer structure (regioselectivity, chemoselectivity, stereochemistry) No need protection and deprotection Clean process, mild condition, environmental friendly In many cases produce biodegradable polymers
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Introduction : Clasification of Enzyme
Enzymes Examples Enzymes Typical Polymers-1 Typical Polymers-2 1. Oxidoreductases Peroxidase Tyrosinase Glucose oxidase Polyphenols, polyanilines, Vynyl polymers Polysacharides, polypeptides (protein) 2. Transferase Glycosyltransferase Acyltransferase Polysacharides, cyclic olygosacharides, polyester 3. Hydrolases Glycosidase (Cellulase, chitinase, amylase, etc) Lipase Peptidase Polysacharides, polyester, polyamides, polycarbonates, poly(amino acid)s Polysacharides, polypeptides (protein) 4. Lyases Decarboxylase Adolase, Dehydrase polysacharides 5. Isomerase Racemase Epimerase 6. Ligases Acyl CoA synthetase
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Enzymatic polymerization : Hydrolase – Lypase Enzyme
Lypase is an enzyme that catalyze the hydrolysis of fatty acid ester Lypase can be used to catalyse polymerization reaction, such as : Polyester the reaction of lipase-catalyzed polymerization can be done by ROP or Polycondensation
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Enzymatic polymerization : Mechanism Reaction of ROP
The Key step is : Acyl-enzyme intermediate formation
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Enzymatic polymerization : Polyester via Polycondensation
Alkyl Ester Vinyl Ester
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Enzymatic Polymerization : Enantioselective and Chemoselective
Prefer to produce one enantiomer to another Chemoselective : Selective to functional group
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Modification of Polymer : By Enzymatic Catalysis
Purpose Improve the polymer properties Produce polymer with environmentally friendly Fulfill market demand
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Modification of Polymer : Polysacharides by lypase enzyme
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Application : Polysacharides
Biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic Use : Biomedical purpose, such as : drug delivery. Biofuel, Paper industry, water treatment purpose, and other industrial aplications Biofuel car from Volvo (Volvo flexifuel S40)
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Application : Polyester Usefulness : Packaging, Textile, resin
liquid crystal display, plastic display, etc
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Disadvantage of Enzymatic Methode
Limitation of substrate Availability and cost of enzyme Reaction : Ofen slower than chemical methode
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Conclution The enzymatic reaction take place under mild condition and are excellent in controlling polymer structure The enzymatic reaction reduce environmental problems
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Refference : Macromolecule Engineering. Precise Synthesis, Material Properties, Application. Edited by K. Matyjaszewski, Y. Gnanou, and L. Leiber. Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Physical chemistry for the life Sciences. P. Atkins, J. d. Paula. © 2006 W.H. Freeman and Company 41 Madison Avenue, New York. Introduction to Polymer Science and Chemistry. M. Chandra. Copyright © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. CRC Press, New York
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Thank You “Green“ for better life
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