1. Chapter 3 Section 1 On the Eve of Revolution
French Revolution
Chapter 3
Section 1
On the Eve of Revolution

2. Video
Paste this link into your Internet browser and watch the 17 minute video:
ench-revolution--part-1
Take notes during the video.

3. 1
The Old Regime
Under the ancien regime, or old order, everyone in France belonged to one of three classes.
FIRST ESTATE
SECOND ESTATE
THIRD ESTATE
The BOURGEOISIE and PEASANTS
Peasants were 90 percent of French population
Resented privilege of first and second estates
Burdened by taxes
Many earned miserable wages and faced hunger and even starvation
The CLERGY
Enjoyed enormous wealth and privilege
Owned about 10 percent of land, collected tithes, and paid no taxes
Provided some social services
The NOBILITY
Owned land but had little money income
Hated absolutism
Feared losing traditional privilege, especially exemption from taxes

4. Old Political Structure in France 1700s
Three social classes, or estates, in France
First Estate = Clergy (enjoyed great wealth and privilege)
Second Estate = Nobility
Third Estate = majority of the population (included the bourgeoisie, or middle class, and rural peasants and poor city workers)
Note: if you were not part of the clergy (priests) or the nobility, you fell within the Third Estate

5. Resentment
Members of Third Estate resented privileges held by First and Second Estates
First and Second Estates did not have to pay most taxes while peasants paid taxes on many items, such as necessities of life (milk, bread, salt, etc.)
Enlightenment ideas led people to “question” the inequalities of the old, medieval social/economic structure in France
Third Estate demanded that privileged classes pay their fair share in taxes

6. Economic Troubles in France
Economic troubles led to great social unrest
Monarchs spent more money than they were bringing in with taxes, or deficit spending
France was heavily in debt for supporting the American Revolution
Bad harvests sent food prices soaring (inflation skyrocketed)
King Louis XVI chose Jacques Necker to be the king’s economic adviser
To solve the economic crisis, Necker proposed taxing the First and Second Estates

7. King Louis XVI

8. Jacque Necker
Economic adviser to King Louis XVI.

9. Bad Harvests Led to Rising Prices

10. Starvation of French Citizens
French citizens suffered starvation while King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette lived a life of luxury inside their palace.

11. Economic Troubles in France
First and Second Estates strongly opposed the king’s plan to increase any taxes
The economic crisis worsened with time
Powerful nobles and clergy called for a meeting of the Estates-General, an ancient lawmaking body, to try to halt the government’s plans to raise revenue
Louis XVI finally scheduled a meeting at Versailles, his grand and luxurious palace 10 miles from Paris
The king asked all three estates to prepare a list of complaints called cahiers
The complaints addressed the resentment toward the monarchy and the First and Second Estates

12. Estates-General Met in 1789
All three estates did not cooperate and could not agree on reforms, creating a stalemate
After three weeks, members of the Third Estate walked out and formed their own government called the National Assembly
Later, the delegates of the Third Estate were locked out of their meeting room (probably by the king)
They broke into an indoor tennis court and pledged to remain until a new constitution was written that applied to all citizens of France (Tennis Court Oath)

13. Tennis Court Oath

14. July 14, 1789
Paris buzzed with rumors that royal troops were planning to occupy the city
To protect themselves, angry citizens stormed the ancient Bastille Prison to seize weapons and gunpowder
The commander of the Bastille refused their entry and the enraged mob forced their way inside and executed several guards
The French Revolution began

15. July 14, 1789

16. Bastille Prison

17. Powerpoint Questions
1. Name the three estates (social classes) in France in the 18th century. Indicate what people belonged to each estate. (3 points)
2. What was the name of the old order in France?
3. What caused France to run out of money?
4. Define deficit spending.
5. Why did members of the Third Estates resent the First and Second estates?
6. What was the Estates-General? How long had it been since it had last met?

18. Powerpoint Questions 7. What were the cahiers?
8. What did delegates of the Third Estate form?
9. Why did the delegates of the Third Estate find themselves meeting on a Tennis Court?
10. What was the pledge behind the Tennis Court Oath?
11. Name the medieval prison that Parisans stormed on July 14, 1789.
12. Finally, from where did the French revolutionaries get their ideas to revolt?