1. What connects these photos?
Exploring Group 1
Quick Starter
What connects these photos?
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2. What connects these photos?
Exploring Group 1
Quick Starter
What connects these photos?
Where does the colour in fireworks come from?
Hint X
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3. What connects these photos?
Exploring Group 1
Quick Starter
What connects these photos?
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4. Exploring Group 1
Quick Starter
The connection is salt
Some white salts actually make vibrant colours when placed into a flame. Alkali metal salts do this
Alkali metals (and some others) are used to make coloured fireworks. What else are they be used for?
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5. Learning questions: What are the alkali metals?LO
Learning questions:
What are the alkali metals?
How do they react with water?
How are they similar?
How are they different?
Why do they react differently?
Why are they similar?
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

6. What are the alkali metals?NK
Alkali metals are all found in group 1 of the periodic table.
Why are they all in the same group?
What does this tell you about their electronic structure?
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

7. What are the alkali metals like?CM
Element
Colour
Hard?
Does it tarnish?
Electrical conductivity
m.p. (°C)
b.p. (°C)
Density (g/cm3)
lithium Li
181
1347
0.53
sodium Na 98
883
0.97
potassium K 64
774
0.86
rubidium Rb
silvery white
very soft
very fast
good 39
688
1.53
caesium Cs
silvery gold 29
678
1.87
francium Fr
What pattern do you notice?
Why does this happen?
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

8. Alkali metals with waterCM
Observation
lithium
sodium
potassium 1.
Floats on water 2.
Moves around water 3.
Makes a hissing noise 4.
Melts, making a sphere 5.
Leaves a trail in the water 6.
Universal indicator turns mauve (alkali formed) 7.
Bubbles of gas appear where metal touches water 8.
Gas catches fire by itself 9.
Coloured sparks/flame
10.
Sharp crackle at end of reaction
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

9. Alkali metals with waterCM
Observation
lithium
sodium
potassium 1.
Floats on water
yes 2.
Moves around water 3.
Makes a hissing noise 4.
Melts, making a sphere no 5.
Leaves a trail in the water 6.
Universal indicator turns mauve (alkali formed) 7.
Bubbles of gas appear where metal touches water 8.
Gas catches fire by itself
if metal is trapped 9.
Coloured sparks/flame
Gas burns with red flame if lit
yellow
lilac
10.
Sharp crackle at end of reaction
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

10. Alkali metals with water
ATD
What patterns do you notice about as you look down group 1?
What would you expect to see if you reacted rubidium and caesium with water?
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

11. Alkali metals with water
ATD
Element
What would happen (prediction):
What actually happens (video):
rubidium Rb
caesium Cs
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

12. Alkali metals with waterCM
Sodium + water  sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
2Na H20  2NaOH + H2
Lithium + water  lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
2Li H20  2LiOH + H2
Potassium + water  potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
2K H20  2KOH + H2
What makes the solution an alkali?
How could we test that the gas is hydrogen?
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

13. Why do the alkali metals react differently?
ATD
Why do the alkali metals react differently?
When the group 1 metals react they lose their outer electron, which of the metals will lose this electron easiest? Why? What is this called?
Draw out the electronic structures of the first 3 alkali metals. Use this to explain why potassium is most reactive.
(remember the alkali metals want to lose 1 electron)
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

14. Why do the alkali metals react differently?
ATD
Why do the alkali metals react differently?
As the atom becomes bigger and bigger the electron in the outer shell is held less tightly and is more likely to escape.
We say that the outer electron has been shielded from the positive nucleus, so less attraction.
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure

15. Why do the alkali metals react differently?
Explain why the alkali metals are more reactive as you go down the group.
Describe the reactions of alkali metals with water.
Explain why the alkali metals are stored in oil.
Keywords:
Group 1, alkali metal, oxidation, reduction, sheilding, electrons, density, trend, electronic structure