1. Communist China: Mao Zedong

2. History of China
The Boxer Rebellion ( : against European and US control of China) is defeated in 1901.
Chinese Republic proclaimed in 1912 after the abdication of the child-emperor
Yuan Shikai (a warlord) seizes power from 1912 to 1916
Dr Sun Yat-Sen, leader of the Kuomintang Party, attempts to establish the republic despite feuding warlords but dies in 1925
In 1928 Chang Kai-shek seizes Beijing for the Kuomintang
Civil war with Mao Zedong’s Communist Party begins in 1929.
Photo of Dr Sun Yat-Sen, leader of the Kuomintang Party

3. Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928

4. Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung , 1893–1976, founder of the People's Republic of China

5. Of peasant stock, Mao was trained in Chinese classics and later received a modern education. As a young man he observed oppressive social conditions, becoming one of the original members of the Chinese Communist party.
Mao's ideas on revolutionary struggle and guerrilla warfare were extremely influential.

6. With eldest son Anying at the Fragrant Hills 1949
He organized peasant and industrial unions and directed (1926) the Kuomintang's Peasant Movement Training Institute.
After the Kuomintang-Communist split (1927), Mao led the disastrous “Autumn Harvest Uprising” in Hunan, leading to his ouster from the central committee of the party.

7. The Long March
1934

8. The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communist Army to evade the pursuit of the Nationalist Chinese army. The Communist Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic, led by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, was on the brink of complete annihilation by Chiang Kai-Shek's troops in Jiangxi Province in October 1934.
The communists escaped in circling retreat to the north, which ultimately covered some 4960 miles over 370 days. The route branched through some of the most difficult terrain of western China and arrived 5952 miles west, then north, to Shaanxi

9. The Long March

10. Survivors of the March

11. The Communist
Revolution:

12. The Civil War and Revolution
Despite partial alliances against the Japanese, a state of war exists between the Kuomintang and Communist forces for over 20 years from 1926
The Civil War fully breaks out in 1946
The Communist Party of China seizes power on October 1st, 1949 (although some parts of China are not captured until 1950)
Various offshore islands stay loyal to the Kuomintang and Chang Kai-Shek re-establishes the Chinese Republic on Taiwan
Several offshore islands are captured by the Communists between 1949 and 1960
Photo of Communist leader and icon Mao Zedong

13. CHINESE CIVIL WAR:
Despite the U.S. sending $ billions to the Nationalists, the Communists under Mao won the war and ruled China
Mao established the People’s Republic of China

14. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

15. The Communist Victory

16. Taiwan: The Republic of China

17. The People’s Republic of China

18. Reasons for the Communists’ Success
Mao won support of peasants (How does this differ from what we know about communism?) – land
Mao won support of women
Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt
Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

19. The Great Leap
Forward (or Backward?)

20. Great Leap Forward, 1958
The Great Leap Forward ( ) saw Mao attempt to turn China from an agrarian economy to an industrialized society. Between 14 and 43 million Chinese starved to death.
5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
Communes
Groups of people who live and work together
Property held in common
Had production quotas
Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

21. Communist China Under Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health care
One-party dictatorship
Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet

22. The Great Proletarian
Cultural Revolution

23. Communist China Under Mao
Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society
Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place
Schools shut down – students revolted
Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

24. The Red Guard defaced ancient monuments, destroyed historical artifacts, burnt monasteries, persecuted traditional arts, and tortured minorities and "bourgeois thinkers", leaving half-a-million dead in their wake. A special venom was directed at things Confucian. Encouraged to question their parents and teachers youngsters were soon marching with slogans like: "Parents may love me, but not as much as Chairman Mao".

25. Red Guard

26. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS”
Old Thoughts
Old Culture
Old Customs
Old Habits

27. Popular slogans
“breaking down the four olds, setting up the four news (old versions of other four concepts)”
“beating down the bad elements”
“beating down imperialism”
“beating down foreign religion”
“beating down Jesus following”
“beating down the counter revolutionists”

28. Red Guards March to Canton

29. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s Little Red Book

30. Propaganda Poster

31. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle! 1967-1972

32. Propaganda Poster

33. Propaganda Poster

34. Propaganda Poster

35. The cultural revolution group continued its campaigns until Mao's death in Sept., 1976.
A month later its leaders were purged and Mao's surviving opponents slowly regained power pushing aside Mao's successor, Hua Guofeng, and erasing the cult surrounding Mao.

36. The End