1. Prevention and Control (and summary)

2. Punishment What did we learn about punishment from last chapter?
Punishment (learning, arousal, not internalize standards)
High punishment = high aggression in child
No punishment = high aggression in child
Now we must also take into account:
Instrumentality (rewards > costs)
Probability it will be delivered

3. Punishment, effective if…

4. Catharsis
Two types
Emotional catharsis
Behavioral catharsis
(what about “Physiological” catharsis?)
(what about “Cognitive” catharsis?)
Actual attacks (but not fantasy attacks) against provocateur (but not third party) reduces anger and physiological arousal, but it also increases future aggressive behavior (why?)
But can also reduce anger and physiological arousal by (1) exhausting activities like exercise, (2) non-aggressive and/or self-aggressive that serve to decrease punishment from partner

5. Cognitive techniques for reducing aggression
Attributions
Mitigating Circumstances
Apologies

6. Incompatible Responses
Empathy
Humor
Sexual arousal

7. Summary: Can aggression be stopped?
If social determinant…
● Frustration (magnitude, cues, arbitrariness, cognitive processes)
● Provocation (verbal, physical, defensive strategy, impression management)
● Characteristics of target (sex, race)
● Instigation by other people (obedience, bystanders)
If external determinant…
● Heat, noise, crowding, air quality, odor, cues, media, self-awareness
● Models such as CNA, GAM, Excitation Transfer, Frustration-Aggression
If individual determinant…
● Personality traits such as HAB, Irritability, Internal LOC, Type A
● Self esteem, Self control
If biological determinant…
● Genetic, Evolutionary, Neurotransmitters, Hormonal, Structural
If developmental determinant…
● Social Learning