1. The Growth of Towns and Cities
Urbanisation
The Growth of Towns and Cities

2. Activities in towns and cities
Economic – urban areas are market centres for the buying and selling of Goods and Services
Administrative – urban areas are the places from which the surrounding area is governed e.g. Carrickmacross Town Council
Social Activities – Cinemas, pubs, theatres, sportsgrounds etc.

3. The Development of Dublin

4. Dublin’s History Founded around 980 AD by Viking Traders
Originally a small settlement around a dark pool – Dubh Linn – where Temple Bar is now
Very few traces exist today as buildings were made of wood

5. Dublin’s History
1169 – arrival of Anglo Normans. Built stone buildings such as Dublin Castle, Christchurch and St. Patrick’s Cathedral
Started period of English control of Ireland

6. Dublin’s History
1500 to 1800 – English control grew, Trinity College and much of Georgian (redbrick) city built

7. Dublin’s History
1800 to 1900 – After losing its Parliament, Dublin declined in importance. Slums called tenements grew.
Development of Canals and Railways connected Dublin to the rest of Ireland

8. Dublin’s History
Rapid development after independence – development of roads and railways increased ease of transport, high birth rates and inward migration increased population

10. Functional Zones in Cities
The Central Business District – banks, department stores and shopping is found here. Very few people live in the CBD. Land here is expensive – buildings are tall to maximise land use

11. Functional Zones in Cities
Outlying shopping areas – to discourage unnecessary travel and traffic congestion some shopping areas have developed outside the CBD

12. Functional Zones in Cities
Factories are located in Industrial Estates at the edge of urban areas. There are several reasons for this:
Land is cheaper on the outskirts
Access and transport is easier outside towns
There are less complaints from residents as factories are kept away from houses
Workers are available in nearby residential areas
Often near ports or airports

13. Functional Zones in Cities
Residential Areas – Most people today live in housing estates which are quieter and safer than the CBD or industrial zones. Types of housing can vary a great deal here.
Also Called suburbs (Sub-Urban)

14. Functional Zones in Cities
Open Space – Urban areas require open public spaces where people can relax and play in safety.

17. Paris – a world city

18. Paris CBD

19. Residential areas - Apartments

20. Satellite towns
People travel from satellite towns to the city for work
Lower land values mean homes are often cheaper here
Irish Example: Leixlip.
French Example: Marne-La-Valee

21. Industries in Paris

23. Open Space in Paris

24. Land Values
Land Values are highest in the CBD and most businesses that locate here need lots of customers buying services or small goods.
Eg. Law Companies, Department Stores etc.
Outside the city, lower land values encourage companies selling bulky products to set up
Eg. Car dealers, builder providers, etc.

25. Residential Accommodation in Irish Cities

26. Residential Accommodation in Irish Cities

27. Residential Accommodation in Irish Cities

28. Residential Accommodation in Irish Cities

29. Residential Accommodation in Irish Cities

30. Residential Accommodation in Irish Cities

31. Residential Accommodation
Old Houses - Two Up, Two Down – Two bedrooms upstairs, two rooms downstairs, toilet in back garden!
Modern Materials – today’s houses are better constructed and better insulated
Central Heating has replaced open fires
More bedrooms, bathrooms and toilets

32. Commuting to work
Rush Hour – when most commuters are either going to work (before 9AM) or going home (after 5.30 PM approx)
In London people have to pay extra to drive into the city at this time
In Dublin, cars are banned from certain streets at this time.
This is designed to stop Traffic Congestion

33. Discouraging Traffic

34. Public Transport In Dublin

36. 2003 Higher Level Paper

37. 2011 Higher Level Paper

38. Urban Problems
Decline of the Inner City: As cars become more common, people move out of the inner city which then becomes run down

40. URBAN DECLINE SOLUTIONS
URBAN REDEVELOPMENT
It involves the rebuilding of a decaying areas for new uses like shops, offices and entertainment. Eg Dublin Docklands
URBAN RENEWAL
It involves improving existing communities by refurbishing and providing better facilities. Encourages people to stay in a community.
Case Study: Fatima Mansions
What were Fatime Mansions
What problems faced Fatima Mansions?
List at least 2 ways Fatima Mansions has been improved?

41. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT Is used to tackle inner city decay.
It involves the rebuilding of a decaying areas for new uses like shops, offices and entertainment. Eg Dublin Docklands

43. URBAN RENEWAL Is used to tackle inner city decay.
It involves improving existing communities by refurbishing and providing better facilities.

45. URBAN SPRAWL SOLUTIONS
NEW TOWNS
Build a new town at the city edge so people are concentrated into one area rather than spread out.
Case Study: Tallaght
What is meant by planned?
Give two reasons why people do not need to drive into dublin city centre everyday?
What facilities does Tallaght have?

46. KOLKATA

48. BUSTEE

49. TRANSPORT

50. WATER

51. SANITATION

52. EDUCATION

53. Urban Problems
As the population of the inner city moves to the suburbs, the area goes into decline and becomes run down

54. Urban Problems
Urban Sprawl – this refers to the rapid growth of a city outward, usually as a result of housing growth

55. Urban Problems
Unemployment – many factories have now moved out of the CBD, leading to unemployment for inner city communities. Also many Inner City residents drop out of school and have few skills.

56. Urban Problems
Crime – a major problem in inner cities is a high crime rate, often fuelled by drug dealing

57. Urban Problems
Community Disruption – when people move out of cities, it breaks connections between families and neighbours
Ballymun in Dublin was a failed housing development because it broke connections between families

58. Urban Improvement
Urban Renewal – tearing down old shops and housing and putting up new shops AND housing in its place. Original residents move into new homes in the same area. Example: Ballymun
Urban Redevelopment – tearing down old shops and housing and putting up new shops ONLY. Original residents move out of the area. Example: Jervis Street, Dublin
In redevelopment, the function of the area changes.

59. Ballymun – demolish old homes, build new ones

60. Jervis Street

61. Fatima Mansions – before renewal

62. Fatima Mansions – after renewal

64. New Towns – managing urban sprawl
Urban Sprawl – where residential areas spread far out from the CBD
Housing ONLY – this makes it difficult to get jobs in the area – v few shops/factories - leads to urban problems (crime, drugs etc.)

65. New Towns – managing urban sprawl
Tallaght – once a small village it grew rapidly in the 1970s as people moved to it from inner city Dublin and the rest of the country

67. Tallaght in the 1970s and 80s
Very spread out town – hard to get around easily
Very few services – just like a gigantic housing estate with little else
Few jobs – people left Tallaght to work in other parts of Dublin
After falling into decline in the 1980s it was decided to develop new jobs and services in Tallaght

68. Tallaght today LUAS provides easy access
New Developments – provides jobs and leisure opportunities
New educational facilities (Tallaght Institute of Technology)
Sporting Facilities (Shamrock Rovers)

72. 2005 Junior Cert Question

73. Adamstown – a planned new town

75. Urbanisation in the Developing World
Problems

76. Same city, different life….

77. Overloaded infrastructure

80. 2010 Junior Cert Question