1. No RTW: Review for the Invertebrate Test before the bell rings
Monday, April 24th
No RTW: Review for the Invertebrate Test before the bell rings
Objective:
I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Porifera, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Mollusca.
Agenda:
Invertebrate Test
Final Review Packet
Homework:
None 

2. Pg. 120 RTW: What is one thing you already know about sharks?
Tuesday, April 25th
Pg. 120 RTW: What is one thing you already know about sharks?
Objective:
I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Fish & Sharks.
Agenda:
Fish & Sharks Foldable
Fish (Osteichthyes) group be ready to present tomorrow!
Homework:
Final Review Packet due 5/11
Foldable due 5/11

3. Chordate Foldable (sharks and fish)
Examples:
Class Agnatha: jawless fish
Class Chondrichthyes : sharks, rays, skates
Class Osteichthyes (Actinopterygii): bony fish
Characteristics:
Gills for breathing (several shark species have to swim to breathe- ram ventilation)
Chondrichthyes have cartilage instead of bone
Osteichthyes have bony skeletons and ray fins
Agnatha have no jaws but rows of teeth in a circular formation

4. Chordate (sharks and fish)
Diagrams:
Reproduction:
Agnatha and Osteichthyes: spawning or internal fertilization. Lay eggs (some are tended to others are on their own)
Chondrichthyes: internal fertilization
- viviparous: live birth
- ovoviviparous: egg stays in mom until hatched
- oviparous: egg laying (mermaids purse)

5. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata
Marine Fishes
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata

6. Characteristics Backbone Bilateral symmetry Endoskeleton
Fish-simplest & oldest of all living vertebrates (Fossils date back to 400 million years ago)
Most abundant-over 22,000 species of fish in world
58% are marine

7. Jawless Fishes Hagfish Defense
class Agnatha
Most primitive
No jaws- feed by suction

8. Cartilaginous Fishes class Chondrichthyes (Con-dric-thees)
Sharks, rays, skates, & ratfishes
Skeleton is made of cartilage
Lighter & more flexible than bone

10. Mouth is ventral (underneath head) Sandpaper like skin
May have well developed teeth
Constantly are replaced

11. Movement Fins more rigid than bony fish
Rely on pectoral fins to “lift” them in order to prevent sinking (no air bladder)
Large, oily liver that increases buoyancy
Streamline body shape – moves quickly b/c of large muscles in the caudal fin.
Asymmetric caudal fin improves stability

12. Sharks Smallest = pygmy shark (25cm)
Largest = whale shark (15 meters)! These are filter feeders.
Bottom dwellers = nurse & leopard
Most aggressive = Great White
Other dangerous sharks = Tiger and Hammerhead

13. http://www. youtube. com/watch

14. Sensory Sensitive receptors to detect stimuli: Lateral Line organ
Hair-like sensors that pick up sound vibrations up to ½ km away
Ampullae of Lorenzini in the snout – senses electric fields generated by the muscles of potential prey.
2/3 of the sharks brain is devoted to sense and smell

15. Reproduction Internal fertilization
Male sharks = Claspers that hold onto female for transfer of sperm into reproductive tract.
Some (mostly aggressive) have internal development and live births (viviparous) - -hammerheads
Some start predation early by devouring their siblings before they hatch!
Other sharks and skates have external development – develop in a black, leathery case called a “mermaids purse” – take over a year to develop. (oviparous)

17. Whale Shark- largest fish
in existence

18. Bull Sharks
Very Aggressive
Fresh and Saltwater

19. Sharks must swim to force water over their gills
If caught in nets they will drown
Some exceptions: nurse sharks- gills can contain enough oxygen w/o swimming

22. Bony Fishes class Osteichthyes (Osti-ich-thees)
Skeleton partially bone
Have an operculum-gill cover to protect gills
Caudal fin usually same size (top & bottom)

23. Bony fish have fin rays vs. cartilaginous fins & a swim bladder
Sunfish-largest
Bony fish
1996, Japan
9.6 ft long

24. Biology of Fishes Study of fishes: Ichthyology Body Shape
Directly related to lifestyle
Fast swimmers=streamlined
Coral reef fish=laterally
compressed

25. Laterally compressed-at beginning of life one eye on each side then migrates to same side
Elongated bodies fit into rocks & other narrow spaces
Truncate, short-

26. Irregular shapes help with concealment-

27. Countercurrent exchange Heat exchange: legs of birds, body heating of fish such as Tuna and Mako shark

28. Fins Pairs = Pectoral & Pelvic
Single = Dorsal, Anal & Symmetric Caudal (have air bladder for stability)
Skin – slimy mucus coating acts as a barrier against infection and friction

29. 1st Dorsal Fin
Caudal
Fin
2nd Dorsal Fin
Pectoral Fin
Anal Fin
Pelvic Fin

30. No RTW: Osteichthyes group be ready to present when the bell rings!
Wednesday, April 26th
No RTW: Osteichthyes group be ready to present when the bell rings!
Objective:
I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Fish.
Agenda:
Osteichthyes Fish Food Presentation
Homework:
Final Review Packet due 5/11
Foldable due 5/11

31. Pg. 120 RTW: What is one thing you’ve learned about fish/sharks?
Thursday, April 27th
Pg. 120 RTW: What is one thing you’ve learned about fish/sharks?
Objective:
I will be able to conclude the mangrove project.
Agenda:
Mangrove Project
Homework:
Final Review Packet due 5/11
Foldable due 5/11
Mangrove Lab Report due 5/16

32. Today’s work: Go outside- measure mangrove (IN CENTIMETERS)
This is what you’re measuring
For leaves (length)
Go outside- measure mangrove (IN CENTIMETERS)
Note any other observations on the back of the sheet
This is what you’re measuring
For propagule length

33. Lab Report due 5/16 Title/Cover page with: Typed Times New Roman
12 pt. font
Normal margins
Double-spaced
Title/Cover page with:
Your lab title
Name
Class Period
Date

34. You should hopefully have already filled out the rough draft with:
Lab Title:
Create a title for your lab report that describes your experiment
Fill out Background Information:
You are writing about what you know about mangroves, explaining why you’re doing this experiment, why mangroves are important, etc.
Experimental Question:
What question are you answering in this experiment
Hypothesis:
Record your hypothesis as an “if…then…” statement and justify your prediction with a scientific explanation
Procedure:
Describe the methods used to set up this experiment and how we are measuring growth, etc.

35. What else needs to be completed:
Data:
Data table (similar to the one you recorded your data on)
Graph (choose a graph that will BEST represent and display your data)
Narrative of Data:
Describe the differences between…
Describe the data, what was observed (NO ASSUMPTIONS OR REASONING ON WHY IT HAPPENED, FACTS ONLY)
Conclusion:
Restate your hypothesis, was it supported or refuted? Explain…
Describe how
Identify the specific
Explain why
Include experimental errors

36. No RTW: Chondrichthyes group be ready to present when the bell rings!
Friday, April 28th
No RTW: Chondrichthyes group be ready to present when the bell rings!
Objective:
I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Fish.
Agenda:
Chondrichthyes Fish Food Presentation
Homework:
Final Review Packet due 5/11
Foldable due 5/11