1. Social security for Social Justice and a fair globalisation
ITC
Turin
February 2012

2. Social security coverage: Statutory and effective coverage

3. Pension coverage: effective coverage

4. The global state of social security coverage and recent policy initiatives
80 % of the world population do not have access to comprehensive coverage
30% of the population do not have access to essential health care
60% of the elderly do not receive a pension
50% of children are living in poverty, many lack access to health and education
National social security strategies, based on social dialogue
Strengthening social health protection
Social security coverage gap
Social pension programmes
Child and family benefits

5. Extending social security to all – the options
Option 1: Extending classical social insurance
no cross-subsidization of non-covered part of the population;
primarily designed for the formal sector and hence will not easily reach more than a portion of the total population, but
recently showed some potential to extend health coverage to the informal sector through premium subsidization (e.g. Ghana)

6. Extending social security to all – the options
Option 2: Introducing community based social/mutual insurance schemes
springing up in Africa and Asia, covering 40 million people now
offers some possibility to increase resource base largely for health care
offers a chance to empower demand side
some possibility to tax the informal sector = is a step forward to formalisation, but
is no stand-alone solution: requires financial links to national or international sponsor agencies

7. Extending social security to all – the options
Option 3: Extending tax financed schemes (conditional, unconditional, means-tested, universal often called social transfers
can reach out to entire population subgroups (presently worldwide at least million people covered)
requires some basic logistical capacity
some level of social security can be afforded by all
probably the biggest potential

8. individual/household income
The ILO‘s two-dimensional strategy for the extension of social security coverage endorsed: The progressiveness of protection
individual/household income
Access to essential health care and minimum income security for all
social security benefits of guaranteed levels
Voluntary insurance under government regulation
Level of protection
high
low
Higher levels min. c102
Vertical dimension: progressively ensuring higher levels of protection guided by C.102 and higher-level standards
Floor level
Horizontal dimension: Guaranteeing access to essential health care and minimum income security for all

9. SPF concept and definition
The SPF Initiative aims at joint global and local UN action to promote access to essential services and social transfers for the poor and vulnerable.
It includes:
A basic set of essential social rights and transfers, in cash and in kind, to provide minimum income and livelihood security for poor and vulnerable populations and to facilitate access to essential services, such as health care
Geographical and financial access to essential services, such as health, water and sanitation, education, social work

10. Possible contents of the SPF: Four nationally-defined guarantees
TRANSFERS in cash or in kind
have access to a nationally defined set of essential health care services
all residents
should enjoy minimum income security through transfers in cash or kind aiming at facilitating access to essential goods and services, such as nutrition, education and care
all children
should enjoy minimum income security through social assistance transfers aiming to achieve access to essential goods and services
active age groups unable to earn sufficient income in the labour market
should enjoy minimum income security through pensions/transfers in kind that guarantee access to essential goods and services
all residents in old age and with disabilities 
Outcome-oriented approach taking account of national conditions, priorities and institutions
Transfers in cash and in kind should guarantee geographical and financial access to essential services such as water and sanitation, health, and education

11. Pluralism of means –principal option I
individual/household income
Social
assistance
Voluntary insurance under government regulation
Level of protection
high
low
Higher levels min. c102
Vertical dimension: progressively ensuring higher levels of protection guided by C.102 and higher-level standards
Social insurance
Floor level
Horizontal dimension: Guaranteeing access to essential health care and minimum income security for all

12. Pluralism of means –principal option II
individual/household income
Universal benefits
Voluntary insurance under government regulation
Level of protection
high
low
Higher levels min. c102
Vertical dimension: progressively ensuring higher levels of protection guided by C.102 and higher-level standards
Social insurance
Floor level
Soc ass.
Horizontal dimension: Guaranteeing access to essential health care and minimum income security for all

13. Point Two: Summary of results of the ILC 2011 and follow-up
Resolution and Conclusions on social protection (social security), adopted by the tripartite delegations represented at International Labour Conference (183 member States)
Endorsement of ILO two-dimensional strategy for the extension of social security coverage
Discussion on a possible Recommendation on Social Protection Floors at ILC 2012
Reaffirmed mandate for ILO to assist member States in the extension of social security coverage and building social security systems, including
Technical assistance to support design and implementation of two-dimensional extension strategy, including Social Protection Floor
Assistance in promotion and implementation of ILO social security standards (notably C. 102)
Facilitation of exchange of experiences and good practices, including development of a good practices guide
Capacity building for designing, managing and governing of social security systems

14. Possible Recommendation on Social Protection Floors according to Conclusions (ILC 2011)
Flexible but meaningful guidance to member States in building Social Protection Floors within comprehensive social security systems
tailored to national circumstances and levels of development
promotional and gender-responsive
should be applied by all member States, using different methods and according to their own needs, resources, and their time frame for progressive implementation
The Recommendation should...
focus on extension of social security coverage to wider groups of the population
emphasise national ownership and flexibility: strategies country-led and responsive to national needs, priorities and resources
set out principles for the design and implementation of such strategies
encourage the implementation of effective monitoring mechanisms