1. By: Mica Blizzard Jeremy Nason
Carboxylic Acids
By:
Mica Blizzard
Jeremy Nason

2. Structure General Formula: O R-C-OH
The carboxyl group is made up of a carbonyl (C=O) group and a hydroxyl (O-H) group

3. Nomenclature The substituent “–COOH” is called “carboxy”
When naming carboxylic acids, you drop the “e” ending and add “oic acid”
Ex: Hexanoic acid

4. Ex: cyclopentanecarboxylic acid
In ring compounds when there is one or more “-COOH”, you just name it the way you would name a cycloalkane but you also add “carboxylic acid”
Also note that the “–COOH” group is numbered one and the other substituents are numbered accordingly.
Ex: cyclopentanecarboxylic acid

5. When a metal replaces the hydrogen, you name the metal and then change the name of the acid to an “oate” ending
Ex: sodium benzoate

6. Common Names
Formic (Methanoic) acid: Acetic (Ethanoic) acid: Malonic (Propanedioic) acid:

7. Propionic (Propoic) acid: Butyric (Butoic) acid: Benzoic (Butanedioic) acid:

8. Properties Higher melting and boiling points than analogous alcohols
Higher solubility in aqueous solution
They are dimers in gas and dimers or aggregates in liquid.

9. Reactions Neutralization
When the bond between oxygen and hydrogen breaks, the electron pair stays with the oxygen atom, giving it a negative charge.
When you add water to a carboxylic acid, it neutralizes it.

10. A carboxylic acid and an alcohol form an ester and water.
Ester Formation
A carboxylic acid and an alcohol form an ester and water.

11. When a carboxylic acid is in an organic solvent, it forms dimers.

12. Video